QUESTION 1: Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted to do. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that society is based on rules and laws:

1. Social order: Rules and laws provide a framework for maintaining social order and harmony within a society. They establish guidelines for acceptable behavior and regulate interactions between individuals, ensuring a functioning and stable society.

2. Protection of rights: Rules and laws protect the rights and freedoms of individuals within a society. They provide a legal structure that safeguards basic human rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, and ensure equal treatment and justice for all.

3. Conflict resolution: Rules and laws provide a mechanism for resolving disputes and conflicts in a fair and just manner. They establish courts, legal procedures, and systems of justice that allow for the peaceful resolution of disagreements and the enforcement of rights and obligations.

4. Public safety and security: Rules and laws help maintain public safety and security by setting standards for behavior and imposing penalties for criminal activities. They establish regulations related to public health, transportation, environmental protection, and other aspects that contribute to the well-being of society.

5. Economic stability: Laws and regulations provide a framework for economic activities, including contracts, property rights, and trade regulations. They promote economic stability, facilitate business transactions, protect consumers, and ensure fair competition.

6. Social cohesion: Rules and laws foster a sense of unity and common purpose within a society. They create a shared set of norms, values, and expectations that shape social behavior, promote cooperation, and contribute to the overall cohesion and identity of a community.

Disagreeing that society is based solely on rules and laws:

1. Moral and ethical values: While rules and laws play a crucial role in governing society, moral and ethical values also guide individuals’ behavior. Personal values, empathy, and conscience influence how individuals act and interact with others, contributing to social cohesion and moral conduct.

2. Informal norms and customs: Societies often have informal norms, customs, and traditions that influence behavior and interactions, even in the absence of explicit rules and laws. These unwritten rules shape social dynamics and guide individuals’ conduct in various social contexts.

3. Human agency and autonomy: Individuals possess agency and the capacity to make decisions based on their own judgment and values. Freedom to exercise personal choices, within legal boundaries, contributes to personal growth, self-expression, and diversity within a society.

4. Social change and progress: Society evolves and progresses through the questioning and challenging of existing rules and norms. The ability to challenge the status quo and propose new ideas fosters innovation, social change, and adaptation to emerging needs and values.

5. Individual responsibility and accountability: While rules and laws establish a legal framework, individuals also bear personal responsibility for their actions. Cultivating a sense of personal accountability promotes ethical behavior and a commitment to the well-being of society beyond legal obligations.

6. Flexibility and adaptability: Society is not solely governed by rigid rules and laws but requires flexibility and adaptability to address evolving social, economic, and technological changes. Adapting laws and regulations to meet the needs of a changing society ensures relevance and effectiveness.

QUESTION 2: One of the most important issues facing the world today is a shortage of food and some think genetically modified foods are a possible solution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that genetically modified foods are a possible solution to the shortage of food:

1. Increased crop yield: Genetically modified (GM) crops are engineered to be more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental conditions, leading to higher crop yields. This can help meet the growing demand for food in a world with limited arable land.

2. Enhanced nutritional value: GM foods can be engineered to have improved nutritional content, such as increased levels of essential vitamins and minerals. This has the potential to address nutritional deficiencies in populations that lack access to diverse diets.

3. Drought and pest resistance: Genetic modification can confer traits like drought resistance and resistance to pests and diseases. This reduces crop losses due to environmental factors and reduces the need for harmful pesticides, leading to increased food production.

4. Reduced reliance on chemical inputs: GM crops can be engineered to be resistant to specific herbicides, allowing for more efficient weed control. This can reduce the reliance on chemical herbicides and contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices.

5. Faster crop development: Genetic modification techniques can accelerate the breeding process and introduce desired traits more quickly. This allows for the development of crop varieties that can adapt to changing environmental conditions and meet the needs of a growing population.

6. Addressing specific challenges: GM crops can be designed to address specific agricultural challenges, such as nutrient deficiencies in certain regions or the ability to grow crops in marginal or hostile environments.

Disagreeing that genetically modified foods are a possible solution to the shortage of food:

1. Environmental concerns: There are concerns about the environmental impact of GM crops, such as the potential for gene flow to wild relatives, disruption of ecosystems, and unintended consequences on biodiversity.

2. Health risks: Some argue that the long-term health effects of consuming GM foods are still not fully understood. There are concerns about potential allergenicity, toxicity, and the development of antibiotic resistance through genetic modifications.

3. Socioeconomic implications: GM crops are often developed and patented by large biotech companies, leading to concentration of control over seeds and agricultural practices. This can negatively impact small-scale farmers and limit farmers’ autonomy and seed sovereignty.

4. Loss of traditional and organic farming practices: GM crops may overshadow traditional and organic farming practices, which prioritize sustainability, biodiversity, and cultural heritage. This loss can have negative consequences for food diversity and cultural identity.

5. Uncertain long-term effects: The introduction of GM crops into ecosystems poses uncertainties regarding long-term effects on biodiversity, ecosystem resilience, and unintended consequences. These uncertainties warrant precaution and careful assessment before widespread adoption.

6. Alternative solutions: Addressing the shortage of food can involve promoting sustainable farming practices, improving distribution systems, reducing food waste, and addressing socio-economic inequalities that contribute to food insecurity.

QUESTION 3: Some people think young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old:

1. Higher educational attainment: Extending compulsory education until 18 ensures that young people have a solid educational foundation, increasing their chances of acquiring knowledge, skills, and qualifications for future opportunities.

2. Reduced dropout rates: Making education compulsory until 18 reduces the likelihood of students dropping out prematurely. This promotes educational continuity and increases the chances of students completing their studies.

3. Improved employment prospects: Longer periods of education can lead to better employment prospects and higher earning potential in the long run. It equips young people with the necessary qualifications and skills demanded by the job market.

4. Social and personal development: Full-time education until 18 provides opportunities for social interaction, personal growth, and the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills.

5. Reduced social inequalities: Extending compulsory education helps reduce educational disparities by ensuring that all young people have access to educational opportunities and resources, regardless of their socio-economic background.

6. Preparation for adulthood: Full-time education until 18 allows young people to mature and develop important life skills, including financial literacy, time management, and decision-making, preparing them for the responsibilities of adulthood.

Disagreeing that young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old:

1. Individual choices and aspirations: Some young people may have clear career paths or vocational interests that can be pursued outside of full-time education at 18. Allowing flexibility in educational pathways can enable them to pursue their goals earlier.

2. Diverse learning styles and needs: Not all young people thrive in traditional classroom settings, and some may benefit from alternative educational approaches or vocational training options that better cater to their unique learning styles and needs.

3. Financial considerations: Continuing full-time education until 18 can place financial burdens on families, especially if there are limited resources or if young people could contribute to household income through employment.

4. Early entry into the workforce: Some young people may choose to enter the workforce at an earlier age for various reasons, such as gaining work experience, financial independence, or pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities.

5. Alternative pathways to success: Success in life and career can be achieved through various pathways, including apprenticeships, vocational training, or entrepreneurship. Extending compulsory education may limit these alternative paths.

6. Personal autonomy and decision-making: Allowing young people to make choices about their educational pursuits and career paths at an earlier age fosters personal autonomy, responsibility, and decision-making skills.

QUESTION 4: The environmental problem in the world cannot be solved by ordinary people because they can do little to change the situation. It is the responsibility of politicians. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that the environmental problem in the world cannot be solved by ordinary people:

1. Systemic change: Addressing environmental issues often requires systemic changes in policies, regulations, and infrastructure, which can only be achieved through political actions and decision-making.

2. Global coordination: Environmental challenges transcend national boundaries, and effective solutions require international cooperation and agreements. Political leaders play a crucial role in negotiating and implementing global environmental policies.

3. Resource allocation: Governments have the power to allocate resources and funding towards environmental initiatives, research, and development of sustainable technologies, and conservation efforts at a larger scale.

4. Legislative power: Politicians have the authority to pass laws and regulations that promote sustainable practices, reduce pollution, protect natural resources, and enforce penalties for environmental violations.

5. Policy advocacy: Ordinary people may lack the influence and platform to advocate for large-scale policy changes, while politicians have the opportunity to champion environmental issues and push for necessary reforms.

6. Infrastructure and planning: Political leaders can influence urban planning, transportation systems, and energy infrastructure to prioritize sustainability, renewable energy, and efficient resource use.

Disagreeing that the environmental problem in the world cannot be solved by ordinary people:

1. Individual actions matter: The collective impact of individual actions, such as adopting sustainable lifestyles, reducing waste, conserving resources, and making environmentally conscious choices, can contribute significantly to addressing environmental challenges.

2. Consumer power: Ordinary people have the power to influence markets and demand environmentally friendly products and services. Through their consumption choices, they can drive companies to adopt more sustainable practices and develop greener alternatives.

3. Grassroots movements: Ordinary people can organize and participate in grassroots movements to raise awareness, advocate for change, and put pressure on politicians to prioritize environmental issues.

4. Education and awareness: Ordinary people can play a vital role in spreading awareness about environmental issues, educating others, and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility and consciousness.

5. Community initiatives: Local communities can take action to implement sustainable practices, such as community gardens, recycling programs, renewable energy projects, and conservation efforts, contributing to positive environmental change at the grassroots level.

6. Bottom-up approach: Ordinary people can influence and shape political agendas through active citizenship, engagement in democratic processes, voting for environmentally conscious leaders, and holding politicians accountable for their environmental commitments.

QUESTION 5: Some think that it is more important for children to engage in outdoor activities instead of playing video games. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that it is more important for children to engage in outdoor activities instead of playing video games:

1. Physical health: Outdoor activities promote physical exercise, helping children develop strength, endurance, coordination, and overall fitness.

2. Mental well-being: Being in nature and engaging in outdoor activities can improve children’s mental health, reduce stress, and enhance their overall well-being.

3. Social skills: Outdoor activities provide opportunities for children to interact with others, develop social skills, teamwork, and communication abilities, fostering healthy relationships and social development.

4. Creativity and imagination: Outdoor play encourages children to use their creativity and imagination, exploring and discovering the natural world around them.

5. Environmental awareness: Engaging in outdoor activities can foster a sense of appreciation and connection to the environment, promoting environmental awareness and responsibility from an early age.

6. Skill development: Outdoor activities offer various opportunities for skill development, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, decision-making, and adaptability to different environments.

Disagreeing that it is more important for children to engage in outdoor activities instead of playing video games:

1. Cognitive development: Certain video games can enhance cognitive abilities, including problem-solving skills, strategic thinking, and memory.

2. Educational value: Video games with educational content can provide learning opportunities, teaching children about history, science, geography, and other subjects in an interactive and engaging way.

3. Technological proficiency: In today’s digital age, being familiar with technology, including video games, is important for children’s future success and career opportunities.

4. Virtual experiences: Video games can provide virtual experiences that may not be accessible in real life, allowing children to explore different cultures, time periods, or scenarios.

5. Social interaction: Multiplayer video games can facilitate social interaction, cooperation, and teamwork among children, even if they are not physically together.

6. Creativity and problem-solving: Certain video games encourage creativity and problem-solving skills through level design, character customization, and complex puzzles.

QUESTION 6: Computers today can quickly and accurately translate languages, therefore, it is a waste of time to learn a foreign language.  To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that it is a waste of time to learn a foreign language due to the availability of computer translation:

1. Efficiency: Computer translation is faster and more efficient compared to learning a foreign language, allowing for instant communication and comprehension.

2. Accuracy: With advancements in technology, computer translation systems have become increasingly accurate, reducing the likelihood of errors in translation.

3. Accessibility: Computer translation is readily available to anyone with internet access, eliminating the need for extensive language learning and making communication more accessible.

4. Time-saving: Learning a foreign language requires significant time and effort, while computer translation provides an instant solution without the need for extensive language study.

5. Focus on other skills: By relying on computer translation, individuals can focus their time and energy on developing other skills or pursuing different interests.

6. Multilingual communication: Computer translation enables people from different linguistic backgrounds to communicate effectively without the need for a common language, facilitating global interactions.

Disagreeing that it is a waste of time to learn a foreign language due to the availability of computer translation:

1. Cultural understanding: Learning a foreign language allows for a deeper understanding of the culture, customs, and perspectives of the speakers, fostering empathy and cross-cultural connections.

2. Language nuances: Computer translation may struggle with capturing the nuances, idioms, and cultural context of a language, leading to potential misinterpretations or misunderstandings.

3. Personal growth: Learning a foreign language expands cognitive abilities, improves memory, enhances problem-solving skills, and boosts overall brain function.

4. Linguistic flexibility: Acquiring multiple languages enables individuals to adapt to different communication contexts, enhancing their professional opportunities and global mobility.

5. Appreciation of literature and arts: Learning a foreign language opens doors to literary works, films, music, and other artistic expressions that may not be fully captured or appreciated through computer translation.

6. Personal connections: Speaking someone’s native language shows respect, builds rapport, and fosters stronger personal connections, which can be challenging to achieve solely through computer translation.

QUESTION 7: Competitiveness is regarded as a positive quality for people in most societies. How does competitiveness affect individuals? Is it a positive or negative trend?

IDEAS:

Positive effects of competitiveness:

1. Motivation and drive: Competitiveness can fuel individuals’ motivation and drive to achieve their goals, pushing them to strive for excellence and personal growth.

2. Improvement and innovation: Competition can spur individuals to continuously improve their skills, knowledge, and abilities, leading to innovation and advancements in various fields.

3. Goal-oriented mindset: Competitiveness encourages individuals to set goals, work hard, and persevere in the face of challenges, fostering a sense of determination and resilience.

4. Productivity and performance: Competition can enhance productivity and performance, as individuals strive to outperform their peers or competitors, leading to higher levels of achievement.

5. Personal development: Competitiveness can help individuals discover their strengths and weaknesses, fostering self-awareness and personal development.

6. Economic growth and progress: Competition in the business and economic spheres can drive innovation, efficiency, and economic growth, benefiting society as a whole.

Negative effects of competitiveness:

1. Stress and pressure: Intense competition can lead to high levels of stress and pressure, potentially negatively impacting individuals’ mental and physical well-being.

2. Unhealthy comparison and jealousy: Excessive competitiveness may lead to constant comparison with others, fostering feelings of jealousy, inadequacy, and a negative self-image.

3. Negative impact on relationships: Extreme competitiveness can strain relationships, creating an atmosphere of rivalry and mistrust among individuals.

4. Unethical behavior: In highly competitive environments, individuals may resort to unethical practices, such as cheating or sabotaging others, to gain an advantage.

5. Reduced collaboration: Overemphasis on competition may hinder collaboration and cooperation, impeding collective progress and innovation.

6. Burnout and imbalance: Excessive competitiveness can lead to burnout, as individuals may neglect their well-being and focus solely on achieving success at all costs.

QUESTION 8: People continue to commit crimes even after being punished. Why does this happen? How can crime be prevented?

IDEAS:

Reasons why people continue to commit crimes even after being punished:

1. Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, unemployment, and lack of opportunities can push individuals towards criminal activities as they seek means to survive or gain financial stability.

2. Peer influence: Association with delinquent peers or involvement in criminal networks can perpetuate criminal behavior even after punishment, as individuals may be influenced or pressured to continue engaging in illegal activities.

3. Lack of rehabilitation: Inadequate rehabilitation and reintegration programs for offenders can contribute to recidivism, as individuals may not receive the necessary support and skills to reintegrate into society successfully.

4. Substance abuse: Drug addiction and substance abuse issues can drive individuals to commit crimes to sustain their habits, leading to a cycle of criminal behavior.

5. Psychological factors: Mental health issues, personality disorders, or unresolved trauma can contribute to criminal behavior, requiring comprehensive treatment to address the underlying causes.

6. Systemic issues: Flaws in the criminal justice system, such as limited access to education, employment, or social services, can hinder successful reintegration and increase the likelihood of reoffending.

Strategies for preventing crime:

1. Education and awareness: Promoting education and awareness programs that address the root causes of crime, including poverty, inequality, and social issues, can help prevent criminal behavior.

2. Rehabilitation and support: Enhancing rehabilitation programs within correctional facilities, including counseling, vocational training, and substance abuse treatment, can equip offenders with the skills and support necessary to reintegrate into society successfully.

3. Early intervention: Implementing early intervention programs that target at-risk youth, providing mentorship, counseling, and skill development, can divert individuals away from criminal activities.

4. Community engagement: Encouraging community involvement in crime prevention efforts, such as neighborhood watch programs, community policing, and social initiatives, can create a sense of collective responsibility and safety.

5. Addressing social inequalities: Addressing underlying social issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inadequate access to education and healthcare can help reduce the desperation and socioeconomic factors that contribute to criminal behavior.

6. Restorative justice: Promoting restorative justice practices that focus on rehabilitation, restitution, and community involvement can foster accountability and healing for both offenders and victims, potentially reducing recidivism.

QUESTION 9: Some parents spend a little free time with their children today. Why is this? Who do you think this affects more, parents or children?

IDEAS:

Reasons why some parents spend little free time with their children:

1. Busy schedules: Many parents have demanding work schedules and multiple responsibilities, leaving them with limited free time to spend with their children.

2. Increased workload: The modern lifestyle often requires parents to juggle multiple tasks, leading to time constraints and less availability for quality time with their children.

3. Digital distractions: The prevalence of digital devices and technology can distract parents from engaging in meaningful interactions with their children, reducing the amount of time spent together.

4. Economic pressures: Financial pressures can force parents to work longer hours or take on multiple jobs, leaving less time for family activities.

5. Lack of work-life balance: In some cases, the imbalance between work and personal life can result in parents prioritizing work commitments over spending time with their children.

6. Cultural and societal factors: Cultural expectations and societal norms may place less emphasis on spending quality time with children, leading some parents to prioritize other aspects of their lives.

Effects on parents and children:

1. Parental guilt and stress: Parents may experience guilt and stress due to their inability to spend sufficient time with their children, feeling conflicted between work and family obligations.

2. Impact on parent-child relationships: Limited time spent together can affect the quality and depth of the parent-child relationship, potentially hindering bonding and communication.

3. Emotional well-being of children: Children may feel neglected or disconnected from their parents, leading to feelings of loneliness or insecurity.

4. Developmental consequences: Insufficient parental involvement can impact children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development, potentially affecting their self-esteem, behavior, and academic performance.

5. Missed opportunities for learning: Quality time spent with parents provides valuable opportunities for children to learn, grow, and develop important life skills.

6. Long-term effects: The lack of meaningful parental involvement can have long-term effects on children’s overall well-being, impacting their relationships, mental health, and overall life satisfaction.

QUESTION 10: Some people think that it is a waste of time for high school students to study literature, such as novels and poems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Disagreeing:

1. Cultural and historical understanding: Studying literature exposes students to different cultures, time periods, and perspectives, helping them develop a deeper understanding of society and human experiences.

2. Language skills development: Analyzing literature enhances language skills, including reading comprehension, critical thinking, and effective communication.

3. Emotional intelligence: Literature often explores complex human emotions, enabling students to develop empathy and emotional intelligence.

4. Critical thinking skills: Literature requires students to interpret and analyze texts, fostering critical thinking skills and the ability to form well-reasoned arguments.

5. Creativity and imagination: Engaging with literature nurtures creativity and imagination, allowing students to explore new ideas and possibilities.

6. Cultural appreciation: Studying literature exposes students to diverse voices and narratives, fostering appreciation for different cultures, identities, and perspectives.

Agreeing:

1. Practicality and career relevance: Some argue that literature may not directly contribute to certain career paths, making it appear less relevant in terms of job skills.

2. Time management: High school students have a limited amount of time, and some argue that focusing on subjects more directly related to their career goals could be more beneficial.

3. Preference and individual interests: Some students may have a natural inclination towards other subjects or find literature less engaging, making it less valuable for them personally.

4. Evolving curriculum: Critics argue that education should adapt to meet the changing needs of society, and literature may need to compete with other subjects in terms of relevance.

5. Limited resources: Educational institutions may have limited resources, and some argue that these resources should be allocated to subjects with more practical application.

6. Subjectivity and interpretation: Literature involves subjective interpretation, which some may view as less concrete compared to subjects with more objective evaluation criteria.

QUESTION 11: Whether or not one can achieve his or her aims is mostly a question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Disagreeing:

1. Hard work and perseverance: Achieving aims often requires dedication, effort, and persistence rather than relying solely on luck.

2. Goal setting and planning: Setting clear goals and developing a strategic plan can significantly increase the likelihood of success, independent of luck.

3. Skill development: Acquiring relevant skills and knowledge improves the chances of achieving aims by enhancing competence and preparedness.

4. Opportunities created: Taking proactive steps, networking, and creating opportunities increase the likelihood of success, irrespective of luck.

5. Learning from failures: Evaluating and learning from failures allows individuals to refine their approach and increase their chances of achieving aims in subsequent attempts.

6. Mindset and attitude: A positive and determined mindset can help individuals overcome obstacles, adapt to challenges, and persevere until their aims are accomplished.

Agreeing:

1. External factors beyond control: Circumstances such as socioeconomic background, family support, or inherent advantages/disadvantages can influence one’s chances of achieving aims, often unrelated to personal effort.

2. Serendipitous events: Unexpected opportunities or chance encounters can play a significant role in achieving aims, which may be attributed to luck.

3. Randomness and unpredictability: Certain aspects of life, such as market fluctuations, timing, or external factors, are beyond individual control and can heavily influence outcomes.

4. Competitive environments: In highly competitive fields or industries, luck can become a determining factor, especially when there are numerous qualified candidates vying for limited opportunities.

5. Limited resources: Lack of access to necessary resources or opportunities can impede progress towards aims, often leaving success to chance.

6. Unforeseen circumstances: Unexpected events or external factors beyond an individual’s control, such as natural disasters or global crises, can disrupt plans and hinder the achievement of aims.

QUESTION 12: In many countries around the world young people decide to leave their parents’ home once they finish school. They start living on their own or sharing a home with friends. Is this a positive or negative development? Give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples.

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Independence and personal growth: Moving out of their parents’ home allows young people to gain independence, develop life skills, and take responsibility for their own lives.

2. Self-discovery and exploration: Living on their own or with friends offers opportunities for self-discovery, personal growth, and exploring their own interests and values.

3. Financial responsibility: Young people learn financial management skills by paying rent, utility bills, and managing their own expenses.

4. Increased maturity: Living independently fosters maturity and decision-making skills as individuals face challenges and learn to navigate life without relying on parental support.

5. Building relationships: Sharing a home with friends can create a supportive environment and help develop strong social connections and lifelong friendships.

6. Flexibility and adaptability: Living independently encourages flexibility and adaptability to new environments, cultures, and challenges.

Disagreeing:

1. Financial burden: Moving out can be financially challenging for young people, as they may struggle to afford rent, utilities, and other living expenses.

2. Emotional support: Living away from parents may result in a lack of emotional support and guidance, especially during times of difficulty or stress.

3. Lack of life skills: Some young people may not be adequately prepared to handle the responsibilities and challenges that come with living independently, leading to difficulties in managing their daily lives.

4. Loneliness and isolation: Living alone or with friends can result in feelings of loneliness and isolation, especially if the support network is limited.

5. Cultural and familial values: In some cultures, living with parents until marriage is considered the norm, and moving out may be seen as a deviation from traditional values.

6. Safety concerns: Living independently can expose young people to safety risks, such as crime or accidents, especially if they are not adequately prepared or supported.

QUESTION 13: Many people in today’s society enjoy watching movies or TV programs about crime. What makes them so appealing to people? What is the impact of this on individuals and society?

IDEAS:

Appealing aspects of crime-related movies or TV programs:

1. Intrigue and suspense: Crime stories often involve mysteries, plot twists, and suspenseful elements that captivate viewers’ attention.

2. Human fascination with the unknown: The exploration of the darker aspects of human behavior and the psychological motives behind crimes can be intriguing.

3. Escapism and entertainment: Crime-related content provides a form of entertainment and escapism from daily life, allowing viewers to immerse themselves in thrilling narratives.

4. Complex characters: Characters in crime stories often possess intriguing personalities, motivations, and moral dilemmas that engage viewers on an emotional level.

5. Problem-solving and intellectual stimulation: Crime narratives often involve puzzles and detective work, appealing to viewers’ problem-solving skills and providing intellectual stimulation.

6. Examination of justice and morality: Crime stories allow for discussions and reflections on the concepts of justice, morality, and the consequences of criminal behavior.

Impact on individuals and society:

1. Emotional impact: Crime-related content can evoke strong emotions such as fear, excitement, and empathy in viewers.

2. Perception of reality: Excessive exposure to crime-related media may shape individuals’ perceptions of crime and contribute to a distorted understanding of real-world criminality.

3. Influence on behavior: Intense and graphic crime content has the potential to desensitize individuals to violence and normalize deviant behavior, although the effects may vary.

4. Social discussion and awareness: Crime stories can raise awareness and spark conversations about important social issues such as law enforcement, justice, and criminal behavior.

5. Influence on law enforcement and criminal justice system: Media portrayals of crime can influence public opinion, potentially affecting policies and practices in the criminal justice system.

6. Ethical considerations: The portrayal of crime and criminals in the media raises ethical questions regarding the glamorization or romanticization of illegal activities.

QUESTION 14: Some people prefer one-on-one lessons, while others say it is better to study in groups. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

One-on-one lessons:

1. Personalized attention: Individual lessons allow for focused attention from the teacher or instructor, tailored to the specific needs and learning style of the student.

2. Customized pace: In a one-on-one setting, the pace of learning can be adjusted to match the student’s abilities, ensuring optimal understanding and progress.

3. Individualized feedback: Students receive immediate and detailed feedback on their performance, enabling them to address specific areas of improvement.

4. Reduced distractions: Without the presence of other students, one-on-one lessons can provide a more focused and distraction-free learning environment.

5. Confidentiality and privacy: Certain subjects or topics may require confidentiality, and individual lessons provide a safe space for open discussion and sharing.

6. Flexibility in scheduling: One-on-one lessons offer greater flexibility in terms of scheduling and can be adjusted to accommodate the student’s availability.

Group lessons:

1. Social interaction and collaboration: Group lessons provide opportunities for students to interact, collaborate, and learn from one another through discussions, group activities, and peer feedback.

2. Enhanced communication skills: Working in a group setting fosters effective communication skills, as students learn to express their thoughts, listen to others, and engage in meaningful dialogue.

3. Diversity of perspectives: In a group, students come from various backgrounds and experiences, providing diverse perspectives that enrich the learning process and promote critical thinking.

4. Teamwork and cooperation: Group lessons encourage teamwork, cooperation, and the development of interpersonal skills necessary for collaborative work environments.

5. Exposure to different learning styles: Students can observe and learn from their peers’ different learning approaches and strategies, expanding their own repertoire of study techniques.

6. Cost-effectiveness: Group lessons can be more cost-effective, as the expenses are shared among the participants, making them more accessible for some individuals.

QUESTION 15: In the modern world, it is possible to shop, work, and communicate with people via the Internet and live without any face-to-face contact with others. Is it a positive or negative development?

IDEAS:

Positive aspect:

1. Convenience and accessibility: The ability to shop, work, and communicate online offers convenience and accessibility, allowing people to access goods, services, and information from anywhere at any time.

2. Global connectivity: The internet breaks down geographical barriers and enables people to connect with individuals from different cultures and backgrounds, promoting diversity and cross-cultural understanding.

3. Flexibility in work arrangements: Online work opportunities, such as remote work or freelancing, provide flexibility in terms of location and working hours, allowing individuals to achieve a better work-life balance.

4. Increased productivity: Online tools and platforms streamline processes, automate tasks, and facilitate collaboration, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.

5. Expanded opportunities for entrepreneurship: The internet has opened up avenues for individuals to start their own businesses, create online platforms, and reach a global audience without the need for a physical presence.

6. Accessibility for individuals with mobility or accessibility challenges: Online services enable individuals with mobility limitations or accessibility challenges to participate in various activities without the need for physical interaction.

Negative aspects:

1. Reduced face-to-face interaction: Excessive reliance on online communication can lead to a decline in face-to-face social interactions, potentially impacting social skills, empathy, and the development of meaningful relationships.

2. Isolation and loneliness: Lack of physical contact and human connection can contribute to feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly for individuals who rely heavily on online interactions.

3. Potential for misinformation and online scams: The internet provides a platform for the spread of misinformation, online scams, and identity theft, requiring individuals to be vigilant and cautious in their online activities.

4. Increased sedentary lifestyle: The convenience of online activities can discourage physical movement and contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, potentially leading to health issues such as obesity and related conditions.

5. Digital divide and inequality: Not everyone has equal access to the internet and technology, creating a digital divide and potentially exacerbating existing socioeconomic inequalities.

6. Diminished sensory experiences: Online interactions lack the sensory aspects of face-to-face communication, such as body language, facial expressions, and touch, which are important for effective communication and understanding.

QUESTION 16: Some people think that it’s good for a country’s culture to show imported foreign film and TV programs. Others think that the country should develop its own film and TV programs instead. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

1. Exposure to different cultures: Showing imported foreign films and TV programs allows audiences to experience and appreciate different cultures, languages, and perspectives.

2. Diverse storytelling: Foreign productions often bring unique storytelling techniques, themes, and narratives that can enrich the cultural landscape of a country.

3. Market expansion: Imported content can attract a wider audience, including international viewers, contributing to the economic growth of the local film and TV industry.

4. Educational value: Foreign films and TV programs can serve as educational tools, providing insights into history, social issues, and global perspectives.

5. Creative inspiration: Exposure to foreign content can inspire local filmmakers and content creators, encouraging innovation and creativity in their own productions.

6. Cultural exchange and diplomacy: Importing foreign content promotes cultural exchange and can enhance diplomatic relations between countries.

Developing own film and TV programs:

1. Cultural preservation: Developing local content helps preserve a country’s cultural heritage, traditions, and unique stories.

2. National identity: Homegrown productions contribute to the development and reinforcement of a country’s national identity, values, and shared experiences.

3. Economic growth: Supporting local productions creates job opportunities, stimulates the local economy, and fosters a self-sustaining film and TV industry.

4. Addressing local issues: Producing content that reflects local realities and issues allows for relevant storytelling and discussion of social, political, and cultural challenges specific to the country.

5. Language preservation: Developing local content in the country’s language helps maintain and promote the use of the national language.

6. Creative control: Producing own content gives filmmakers and content creators the freedom and autonomy to express their vision without external influence.

QUESTION 17: There have been many inventions in human history, such as wheels. Some people think the most important thing is the Internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

IDEAS:

1. Global connectivity: The Internet has revolutionized communication by connecting people from all corners of the world instantly and facilitating the exchange of information and ideas.

2. Access to knowledge: The Internet provides access to a vast amount of information, making it easier for individuals to learn, research, and expand their knowledge in various fields.

3. Economic impact: The Internet has transformed industries and economies, enabling e-commerce, online businesses, remote work, and digital entrepreneurship, contributing to economic growth and job opportunities.

4. Communication and social interaction: Social media platforms and messaging services have facilitated communication and social interaction, allowing people to connect, collaborate, and build relationships globally.

5. Information dissemination: The Internet enables rapid dissemination of news and events, promoting transparency, awareness, and citizen journalism.

6. Entertainment and media: Online streaming platforms, digital content, and social media have reshaped the entertainment industry, providing diverse and accessible forms of entertainment.

Disagreeing:

1. Foundational inventions: While the Internet is a transformative invention, other foundational inventions, such as the wheel, written language, and electricity, have had equally significant impacts on human history and progress.

2. Basic human needs: Inventions related to agriculture, medicine, sanitation, and transportation have had a direct impact on improving human well-being and addressing fundamental needs.

3. Technological advancements: The Internet relies on various inventions and technologies, such as computers, electricity, and telecommunication infrastructure, which are equally essential in enabling its functionality.

4. Inventions with broader impact: Innovations like electricity and transportation have shaped society on a larger scale, revolutionizing industries, enabling urbanization, and improving overall quality of life.

5. Cultural and societal development: Inventions like written language, printing press, and scientific discoveries have played significant roles in the development of human culture, knowledge accumulation, and scientific progress.

6. Unequal access: While the Internet has connected many, there are still significant portions of the global population without access, limiting its impact and leaving gaps in knowledge, opportunity, and development.

QUESTION 18: Some people think the news has no real connection to people’s lives, so reading newspapers or watching news programs on television is a waste of time. Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Disagreeing:

1. Awareness of current events: News provides information about local, national, and global events, helping individuals stay informed about what is happening in their communities and the world.

2. Understanding societal issues: News reports on various social, political, and economic issues, offering insights into topics that impact people’s lives directly or indirectly.

3. Decision-making: News equips individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions, whether it’s about voting in elections, understanding policy changes, or staying updated on health and safety information.

4. Social engagement: News fosters discussions and conversations among individuals, promoting civic engagement, dialogue, and the exchange of diverse perspectives.

5. Personal relevance: While some news may seem distant, there are many stories that directly impact people’s lives, such as local news, weather updates, and human interest stories.

6. Empathy and connection: News stories can evoke empathy, helping individuals understand the experiences and challenges faced by others, fostering a sense of connection and shared humanity.

Agreeing:

1. Information overload: With the abundance of news sources and constant stream of information, it can be challenging to filter through and find news that is relevant and trustworthy.

2. Sensationalism and bias: Some news outlets prioritize sensational stories, focus on negativity, or exhibit bias, leading to a skewed representation of events and issues.

3. Emotional toll: Continuous exposure to distressing news can negatively impact mental well-being and contribute to feelings of anxiety, helplessness, or fear.

4. Time consumption: Consuming news can be time-consuming, especially if one delves into multiple sources or spends excessive time keeping up with current events.

5. Agenda-driven reporting: News can be influenced by political or commercial interests, potentially leading to the manipulation or distortion of information.

6. Selective reporting: News outlets may prioritize certain stories or neglect important topics, resulting in an incomplete or biased understanding of events.

QUESION 19: Nowadays people are trying to have a successful career and happy family life at the same time. What problems could this create? How can people overcome them? 

IDEAS:

1. Time management: Juggling professional responsibilities and family commitments can lead to time constraints, causing stress and a feeling of being overwhelmed.

2. Work-life imbalance: Prioritizing one aspect over the other can result in neglecting either the career or the family, leading to dissatisfaction and strained relationships.

3. Role conflict: Individuals may struggle with conflicting expectations and demands from their work and family roles, experiencing difficulty in meeting both effectively.

4. Stress and burnout: The pressure to excel in both areas can contribute to increased stress levels, impacting mental and physical well-being.

5. Guilt and emotional strain: Balancing work and family responsibilities can evoke feelings of guilt, as individuals may feel they are not devoting enough time or attention to either domain.

6. Lack of support systems: Insufficient support from employers, partners, or extended family members can make it challenging to achieve a healthy work-life integration.

Ways to overcome these challenges:

1. Effective communication: Open and honest communication with both employers and family members can help set realistic expectations and find mutually beneficial solutions.

2. Prioritization and time management: Identifying priorities and setting boundaries can help individuals allocate time and energy effectively between work and family commitments.

3. Seeking support: Building a support network, including partners, family, friends, and colleagues, can provide assistance and understanding during times of pressure.

4. Flexibility and adaptability: Employers can offer flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible schedules, to accommodate the needs of employees.

5. Self-care: Practicing self-care and prioritizing personal well-being is essential to maintain physical and mental health while managing multiple responsibilities.

6. Delegation and outsourcing: Delegating tasks at work and home, as well as outsourcing certain responsibilities, can help individuals lighten their workload and create more balance.

QUESION 20: The personal information of many individuals is held by large internet companies and organisations. Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

IDEAS:

1. Convenience and personalized services: Companies can use personal information to tailor products and services to individual preferences, providing a more personalized user experience.

2. Targeted advertising: By analyzing personal data, companies can deliver more relevant advertisements, which can be beneficial for both consumers and advertisers.

3. Improved customer service: Access to personal information allows companies to provide better customer support and address specific needs and concerns.

4. Research and development: Aggregated and anonymized personal data can be used for research purposes, leading to advancements in various fields and industries.

5. Enhanced cybersecurity: Companies can invest in robust security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, mitigating the risk of data breaches and identity theft.

6. Technological advancements: The analysis of personal data can fuel innovation and the development of new technologies and solutions.

Disadvantages of large internet companies and organizations holding personal information:

1. Privacy concerns: Storing and utilizing personal information raises privacy issues, as individuals may be uncomfortable with the extent to which their data is being collected and used.

2. Data breaches and hacking risks: The more personal information stored, the higher the risk of data breaches, potentially leading to identity theft and fraud.

3. Exploitation and misuse: Personal data can be misused or exploited for unethical purposes, such as unauthorized profiling, discrimination, or manipulation.

4. Lack of control and transparency: Individuals may have limited control over how their personal information is used and shared, and companies may not always provide transparent policies or disclosures.

5. Dependency on technology: Relying heavily on personal data and technology can lead to vulnerabilities, as individuals may become more exposed to cyber threats and digital risks.

6. Potential for discrimination: The use of personal data can perpetuate biases and discrimination, as algorithms may unintentionally favor certain groups or perpetuate existing inequalities.

QUESION 21: Many educational institutions give greater importance to subjects related to science and ignore subjects such as drama and literature. Why is this? Is this a positive or negative development?

IDEAS:

1. Emphasis on practical skills: Science subjects are often perceived as providing more tangible and applicable skills that align with the demands of the job market.

2. Economic focus: The prioritization of science subjects is driven by the belief that they contribute directly to economic growth and technological advancement.

3. STEM-focused education: Many countries have placed a strong emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education to address the skills gap in these fields.

4. Global competitiveness: The focus on science subjects is driven by the need to compete on a global scale, particularly in industries that require advanced scientific knowledge and innovation.

5. Perceived objectivity: Science subjects are often regarded as more objective and measurable, leading to a perception that they provide more reliable knowledge and skills.

Potential negative implications of giving greater importance to science subjects:

1. Neglect of holistic development: Overemphasis on science subjects may lead to a neglect of other important aspects of education, such as creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence.

2. Imbalance in curriculum: A narrow focus on science subjects can result in an imbalanced curriculum, limiting students’ exposure to diverse disciplines and reducing their opportunities for personal growth.

3. Limited cultural and artistic appreciation: Neglecting subjects like drama and literature can hinder students’ understanding and appreciation of arts, culture, and the human experience.

4. Reduced creativity and imagination: Subjects like drama and literature foster creativity, imagination, and the development of communication skills, which are essential in various aspects of life and work.

5. Exclusion of non-STEM career paths: An overemphasis on science subjects may discourage students who have interests and talents in non-STEM fields, limiting their educational and career opportunities.

6. Well-rounded education: A balanced curriculum that includes a variety of subjects ensures a well-rounded education and promotes the development of diverse skills and perspectives. 

QUESION 22: It is sometimes suggested that primary schoolchildren should learn how to grow vegetables and keep animals. Do you think that the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

IDEAS:

1. Hands-on learning: Practical activities like gardening and animal care provide experiential learning opportunities, allowing children to engage directly with the natural world and develop practical skills.

2. Environmental awareness: Learning about sustainable practices and the importance of food production can foster a sense of environmental responsibility and stewardship from an early age.

3. Health and nutrition: Involving children in growing vegetables promotes healthy eating habits, as they develop an appreciation for fresh, nutritious food and understand the process of farm-to-table.

4. Emotional development: Caring for animals and witnessing the growth of plants can instill a sense of empathy, responsibility, and nurturing qualities in children.

5. Connection to nature: Engaging in activities like gardening can enhance children’s connection to nature, promoting a sense of wonder, curiosity, and a desire to protect the environment.

6. Practical life skills: Learning about agriculture and animal care equips children with practical skills that can be valuable throughout their lives, such as problem-solving, teamwork, and perseverance.

Disadvantages of primary schoolchildren learning how to grow vegetables and keep animals:

1. Limited resources: Schools may face limitations in terms of space, funding, and expertise required to establish and maintain gardening or animal care programs.

2. Safety concerns: Working with animals and gardening involves certain risks, such as allergies, injuries, or the transmission of diseases, which need to be managed effectively.

3. Curriculum constraints: Introducing additional subjects like gardening and animal care may put pressure on an already packed curriculum, potentially affecting the time allocated to other important subjects.

4. Equity issues: Not all students may have access to resources or opportunities outside of school to practice and reinforce their learning in gardening or animal care.

5. Increased workload: Implementing and maintaining gardening and animal care programs requires additional time, effort, and resources from teachers and school staff.

6. Distraction from core subjects: There is a possibility that focusing on activities like gardening and animal care might divert attention and resources from core academic subjects.

QUESION 23: The amount of drinkable water for people is decreasing. Why is this? What can be done?

IDEAS:

Reasons for the decreasing amount of drinkable water:

1. Population growth: As the global population continues to increase, the demand for water rises, putting pressure on existing water resources.

2. Climate change: Climate change leads to changing weather patterns, including altered precipitation levels and increased frequency of droughts, affecting the availability of freshwater sources.

3. Pollution and contamination: Industrial activities, improper waste management, and agricultural runoff contribute to the pollution and contamination of water sources, rendering them undrinkable.

4. Over-extraction and mismanagement: Overexploitation of groundwater and mismanagement of water resources, such as inefficient irrigation practices, lead to depletion and reduced availability of drinkable water.

5. Urbanization and infrastructure development: Rapid urbanization results in increased water consumption and puts stress on water infrastructure, particularly in areas where water resources are already limited.

6. Natural disasters: Natural disasters like floods and earthquakes can damage water infrastructure, disrupt water supply systems, and contaminate water sources.

Actions to address the decreasing amount of drinkable water:

1. Water conservation: Promote water conservation practices at the individual, community, and industrial levels, including efficient water use, leak detection, and water recycling.

2. Sustainable agriculture: Encourage the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that minimize water usage and reduce pollution from chemical inputs.

3. Protect water sources: Implement measures to protect and preserve water sources, such as creating buffer zones, enforcing regulations on pollution, and establishing protected areas around critical water bodies.

4. Infrastructure improvement: Invest in water infrastructure development and maintenance to reduce water losses, increase efficiency, and ensure equitable access to clean water.

5. Water management and governance: Enhance water management strategies and governance frameworks to ensure sustainable use, equitable distribution, and effective water resource planning.

6. Education and awareness: Promote education and awareness campaigns about the importance of water conservation and responsible water use among individuals, communities, and industries.