Question 1: Some people think the government should not spend on international aid because there are disadvantaged people in their country, such as the unemployed and homeless. Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing: The government should not spend on international aid due to disadvantaged people in their country

1. Priority to domestic issues: Critics argue that the government’s primary responsibility is to address the needs and welfare of its own citizens, especially those facing unemployment and homelessness. Limited resources should be directed towards domestic social programs and support systems.

2. Economic stability: Focusing on domestic issues can contribute to economic stability and growth within the country. By investing resources internally, governments can stimulate employment opportunities, reduce poverty, and strengthen the overall economy.

3. Accountability to citizens: Governments are elected to represent the interests of their citizens. Critics contend that allocating funds for international aid may be seen as a misalignment of priorities and a breach of trust with the electorate.

4. Sovereignty and self-reliance: Emphasizing domestic support allows countries to maintain their sovereignty and self-reliance. Critics argue that dependence on foreign aid can create a cycle of dependency and hinder long-term sustainable development.

5. Social inequality: Addressing domestic social issues, such as unemployment and homelessness, is crucial to reducing social inequality within the country. Critics believe that governments should focus on creating equal opportunities and providing support for their own citizens before extending aid to other nations.

6. Limited impact of international aid: Critics argue that international aid may have limited impact and effectiveness in alleviating poverty and promoting development in recipient countries. They contend that domestic efforts have a higher potential for direct and tangible outcomes.

7. National security concerns: Critics argue that allocating resources towards international aid may divert attention and resources from addressing national security concerns, such as defense or infrastructure development.

8. Public opinion and sentiment: Public sentiment and pressure from citizens who prioritize domestic issues may influence the government’s decision to limit spending on international aid.

Disagreeing: The government should spend on international aid despite disadvantaged people in their country

1. Global solidarity and responsibility: Supporting international aid reflects a sense of global solidarity and responsibility. Governments have a moral obligation to address global poverty and promote development beyond their own borders.

2. Humanitarian crisis and emergency relief: International aid is essential for responding to humanitarian crises, natural disasters, and providing emergency relief. By extending assistance to those in need, governments can save lives and alleviate suffering.

3. Long-term benefits: Investing in international aid can foster stability, peace, and economic development in recipient countries. This, in turn, can contribute to global security and create potential economic opportunities and partnerships for the donor country in the future.

4. Addressing root causes: International aid can help address the root causes of poverty, such as lack of education, healthcare, or infrastructure. By investing in sustainable development projects, governments can create conditions for long-term poverty reduction and stability.

5. Soft power and diplomacy: Providing international aid can enhance a country’s reputation and influence on the global stage. It can strengthen diplomatic ties, build goodwill, and foster cooperation with other nations, benefiting the donor country’s interests in various spheres.

6. Global interconnectedness: The interconnected nature of global challenges, such as climate change, conflicts, and disease outbreaks, requires collaborative efforts. International aid allows governments to contribute to global solutions and address issues that transcend national boundaries.

7. Reciprocity and solidarity during crises: Supporting international aid demonstrates reciprocity and solidarity during times of crisis. It sets an example for other countries and creates an environment of mutual support in which assistance can be reciprocated when needed.

8. Combating inequality and promoting social justice: International aid can contribute to reducing global inequalities and promoting social justice. It acknowledges that poverty and disadvantage are not limited to national borders and that collective action is needed to address these issues.

Question 2: Car drivers and cyclists share the same roads, and this can cause problems for both of them. Why is this case? What measures can be taken to solve these problems?

IDEAS:

Car drivers and cyclists sharing the same roads can lead to several problems for both parties. Here are eight points outlining the reasons for these issues and measures that can be taken to address them:

1. Lack of awareness: Car drivers may not always be aware of cyclists on the road, and vice versa. This can result in accidents and collisions. Solution: Increased public awareness campaigns and education programs highlighting the importance of sharing the road and promoting mutual respect.

2. Limited visibility: Due to the smaller size of bicycles, they can be less visible to car drivers, particularly in blind spots or during poor weather conditions. Solution: Implementation of improved road infrastructure, including dedicated bike lanes, adequate signage, and well-placed mirrors to enhance visibility for both drivers and cyclists.

3. Speed differences: Cars generally travel at higher speeds compared to bicycles. This speed discrepancy can create hazardous situations, such as cars overtaking cyclists too closely or cyclists obstructing the flow of traffic. Solution: Setting appropriate speed limits and designing roadways with designated cycling lanes or separate paths to minimize conflicts.

4. Road sharing etiquette: Some drivers and cyclists may lack understanding or adherence to road sharing etiquette. This can lead to frustration, aggression, and unsafe maneuvers. Solution: Continued education on road sharing rules and best practices for both drivers and cyclists, encouraging patience and mutual respect.

5. Intersection conflicts: Intersections are potential conflict zones where cars and cyclists may collide if not cautious. Turning vehicles may fail to yield to cyclists, and cyclists may not follow traffic signals. Solution: Improved infrastructure with designated bike lanes at intersections, clear signage, and synchronized traffic signal systems that consider the safety of all road users.

6. Door zone incidents: Parked cars opening their doors without checking for cyclists can cause serious accidents. Solution: Awareness campaigns and public education emphasizing the “Dutch Reach” technique, where car occupants use the hand farthest from the door to open it, forcing them to look behind and minimize the risk to passing cyclists.

7. Inadequate infrastructure: Insufficient or poorly maintained bike lanes, lack of connectivity, and absence of proper road markings contribute to unsafe conditions for both drivers and cyclists. Solution: Investment in infrastructure improvements, such as expanding bike lane networks, repairing road surfaces, and installing protective barriers where necessary.

8. Enforcement of traffic laws: Non-compliance with traffic laws by both drivers and cyclists can exacerbate conflicts on the road. Solution: Enhanced enforcement of traffic regulations, including penalties for traffic violations, ensuring that both drivers and cyclists are accountable for their actions and promoting safer behavior.

Question 3: Young people these days spend too much time and money to follow fashion trends. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Influence of media: The constant exposure to fashion trends through various media channels, such as magazines, social media, and advertisements, has led young people to invest excessive time and money in following these trends.

2. Peer pressure: Young people often feel pressured to conform to societal standards and impress their peers, which includes keeping up with the latest fashion trends. This can result in spending a significant amount of time and money on clothing and accessories.

3. Fast fashion industry: The rise of fast fashion has made trendy clothing more accessible and affordable, encouraging young people to frequently update their wardrobes to stay on-trend.

4. Impulsive buying behavior: The desire to stay fashionable can lead young people to make impulsive purchases without considering the long-term consequences, resulting in unnecessary expenditure.

5. Lack of individuality: Excessive focus on fashion trends can hinder young people’s ability to express their unique personalities and creativity, as they may feel compelled to conform to the prevailing trends rather than embracing their own personal style.

6. Environmental impact: The fast fashion industry contributes to environmental degradation through excessive production, waste generation, and the use of unsustainable materials. Young people’s obsession with fashion trends exacerbates these environmental concerns.

7. Financial burden: Spending significant amounts of money on following fashion trends can put a strain on young people’s finances, potentially leading to debt and financial instability in the long run.

8. Unrealistic beauty standards: Fashion trends often perpetuate unrealistic beauty standards, which can negatively impact young people’s self-esteem and body image, further fueling their desire to conform and invest in fashion.

Disagreeing:

1. Self-expression and creativity: Following fashion trends can be seen as a means of self-expression and creativity for young people, allowing them to experiment with different styles and showcase their individuality.

2. Boosting confidence: Dressing in fashionable clothing can boost young people’s confidence, helping them feel more comfortable and empowered in social settings.

3. Economic stimulus: The fashion industry plays a significant role in the economy, providing employment opportunities and contributing to economic growth. Young people’s engagement with fashion trends can support this industry and its associated businesses.

4. Networking and socializing: Participating in fashion-related activities, such as attending fashion shows or following fashion influencers, can provide young people with networking opportunities and avenues for socializing with like-minded individuals.

5. Cultural appreciation: Fashion trends often draw inspiration from various cultures and traditions, providing young people with opportunities to appreciate and embrace diversity.

6. Personal branding: In certain professions, such as marketing, public relations, or fashion-related careers, staying up-to-date with fashion trends can be important for building a personal brand and professional image.

7. Trend forecasting and analysis: Following fashion trends can develop young people’s skills in trend forecasting and analysis, which are valuable in various industries, including marketing, design, and retail.

8. Economic affordability: Not all young people spend excessive amounts of money on fashion trends. Many are adept at finding affordable options, shopping secondhand, or engaging in sustainable fashion practices, balancing their desire for fashion with financial responsibility.

Question 4: The most effective way to solve traffic and transport problems in the cities is to encourage people from the suburbs or the countryside to live in the cities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Reduced commuting distances: Encouraging people from the suburbs or countryside to live in cities can significantly reduce commuting distances, leading to less traffic congestion and shorter travel times.

2. Efficient public transportation: Concentrating the population in cities allows for better utilization of public transportation systems, making them more efficient and accessible to a larger number of people.

3. Economic development: By attracting more residents to cities, there is an increased potential for economic growth, as urban areas offer greater job opportunities and a diverse range of industries.

4. Infrastructure optimization: Concentrating the population in cities allows for better planning and optimization of infrastructure, including roads, public transportation, and utilities, leading to improved efficiency and reduced costs.

5. Social and cultural vibrancy: Increasing the urban population can contribute to a more vibrant social and cultural scene, with a greater variety of entertainment options, events, and cultural activities.

6. Environmental benefits: Encouraging people to live in cities reduces urban sprawl and the need for long-distance commuting, resulting in reduced carbon emissions and a more sustainable use of resources.

7. Access to amenities and services: Cities offer a wide range of amenities and services, such as healthcare facilities, educational institutions, recreational areas, and cultural institutions, which can be more easily accessed by residents.

8. Community interaction: Living in cities promotes greater community interaction and social cohesion, as people have more opportunities to engage in shared spaces and activities, fostering a sense of belonging and connectedness.

Disagreeing:

1. Limited housing availability: Cities often face housing shortages and high property prices, making it difficult for people from suburbs or the countryside to find affordable housing in urban areas.

2. Loss of rural livelihoods: Encouraging people to leave the suburbs or countryside may result in the decline of rural economies and the loss of traditional livelihoods tied to agriculture or other rural industries.

3. Strain on urban infrastructure: Increasing the population in cities without adequate infrastructure upgrades can lead to overburdened transportation systems, inadequate housing, and stretched public services.

4. Quality of life concerns: Some people prefer the slower pace, tranquility, and open spaces offered by suburban or rural living. Forcing them to move to cities may lead to a decline in their overall quality of life.

5. Disruption of social fabric: Encouraging mass migration from suburbs or the countryside to cities can disrupt established social networks and community ties, potentially leading to a loss of social support systems.

6. Environmental impact: Concentrating the population in cities can lead to increased pressure on urban ecosystems and natural resources, potentially leading to environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity.

7. Inequality and gentrification: Encouraging people from suburbs or the countryside to live in cities may contribute to gentrification, pricing out lower-income residents and exacerbating socioeconomic inequality.

8. Loss of cultural diversity: Migration to cities from the suburbs or countryside may lead to a homogenization of culture and the loss of unique regional identities and traditions.

Question 5: Some people believe that an effective way to reduce industrial pollution is to tax the companies which cause these types of pollution. others think that there are other ways. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

View 1: Taxing companies as an effective way to reduce industrial pollution:

1. Economic incentive: Imposing taxes on companies based on their pollution levels provides an economic incentive for them to reduce their pollution emissions. It encourages companies to invest in cleaner technologies and adopt more sustainable practices.

2. Revenue generation: The taxes collected from companies can be used to fund environmental initiatives, research and development of cleaner technologies, and environmental conservation efforts, creating a positive cycle of funding for pollution reduction.

3. Market-based approach: Taxing industrial pollution allows for a market-based approach to environmental regulation, where companies have the flexibility to choose how they reduce their pollution levels. This can lead to innovation and cost-effective solutions.

4. Internalizing external costs: Industrial pollution often imposes costs on society, such as health issues and environmental damage. By taxing companies for their pollution, the aim is to internalize these external costs, making companies responsible for the negative impacts they create.

5. Leveling the playing field: Taxing industrial pollution ensures that all companies, regardless of their size or industry, are held accountable for their environmental impact. It creates a more level playing field and incentivizes responsible behavior across industries.

6. Behavioral change: The financial burden of taxes can motivate companies to rethink their production processes, explore cleaner alternatives, and adopt sustainable practices. It encourages a shift towards greener and more environmentally friendly industrial operations.

7. Regulatory simplicity: Implementing a pollution tax can be administratively simpler compared to complex regulations and permits. It provides a clear mechanism for monitoring and controlling pollution levels.

8. International cooperation: Pollution taxes can be applied uniformly across countries, encouraging international cooperation in addressing global environmental challenges. It can incentivize companies to adopt cleaner practices regardless of their location.

View 2: Other ways to reduce industrial pollution:

1. Stringent regulations: Implementing and enforcing strict environmental regulations and standards can compel companies to reduce their pollution levels. This approach sets clear guidelines for emissions and waste management, ensuring compliance and reducing pollution.

2. Technology and innovation: Investing in research and development of cleaner technologies and industrial processes can help reduce industrial pollution. Government support, incentives, and collaborations with academia and industry can drive innovation in pollution reduction.

3. Voluntary initiatives: Encouraging companies to participate in voluntary programs, such as pollution prevention programs or environmental certification schemes, can promote self-regulation and inspire a sense of corporate responsibility towards pollution reduction.

4. Public pressure and consumer demand: Consumer awareness and demands for environmentally friendly products can influence companies to adopt cleaner practices and reduce pollution. Public pressure and consumer preferences can create market forces for sustainability.

5. Collaboration and partnerships: Governments, companies, and environmental organizations can collaborate to develop industry-specific initiatives and best practices for pollution reduction. Sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise can drive collective action towards sustainable industrial practices.

6. Green taxation: Instead of taxing pollution directly, implementing tax incentives and rewards for companies that adopt environmentally friendly practices can encourage pollution reduction. This approach provides positive reinforcement and rewards rather than punitive measures.

7. Education and awareness: Promoting environmental education and raising awareness about the impacts of industrial pollution can foster a culture of responsibility and sustainability. Educated consumers and employees can drive demand for cleaner and greener industrial practices.

8. Encouraging circular economy: Shifting towards a circular economy, where resources are used efficiently, waste is minimized, and materials are recycled or reused, can significantly reduce industrial pollution and promote sustainable development.

Question 6: Some people believe that an effective way to reduce industrial pollution is to tax the companies which cause these types of pollution. others think that there are other ways. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

View 1: Taxing companies as an effective way to reduce industrial pollution:

1. Economic incentive: Imposing taxes on companies based on their pollution levels provides a strong economic incentive for them to reduce pollution. It encourages companies to invest in cleaner technologies and adopt more sustainable practices to avoid higher taxes.

2. Revenue generation: The taxes collected from companies can be used to fund environmental initiatives, research and development of cleaner technologies, and environmental conservation efforts. This creates a positive cycle of funding for pollution reduction.

3. Market-based approach: Taxing industrial pollution allows for a market-based approach to environmental regulation. Companies have the flexibility to choose how they reduce pollution, which can lead to innovation and cost-effective solutions.

4. Internalizing external costs: Industrial pollution often imposes costs on society, such as health issues and environmental damage. By taxing companies for their pollution, the aim is to internalize these external costs, making companies responsible for the negative impacts they create.

5. Leveling the playing field: Taxing industrial pollution ensures that all companies, regardless of their size or industry, are held accountable for their environmental impact. It creates a more level playing field and incentivizes responsible behavior across industries.

6. Behavioral change: The financial burden of taxes can motivate companies to rethink their production processes, explore cleaner alternatives, and adopt sustainable practices. It encourages a shift towards greener and more environmentally friendly industrial operations.

7. Regulatory simplicity: Implementing a pollution tax can be administratively simpler compared to complex regulations and permits. It provides a clear mechanism for monitoring and controlling pollution levels.

8. International cooperation: Pollution taxes can be applied uniformly across countries, encouraging international cooperation in addressing global environmental challenges. It can incentivize companies to adopt cleaner practices regardless of their location.

View 2: Other ways to reduce industrial pollution:

1. Stringent regulations: Implementing and enforcing strict environmental regulations and standards can compel companies to reduce pollution levels. This approach sets clear guidelines for emissions and waste management, ensuring compliance and reducing pollution.

2. Technology and innovation: Investing in research and development of cleaner technologies and industrial processes can help reduce industrial pollution. Government support, incentives, and collaborations with academia and industry can drive innovation in pollution reduction.

3. Voluntary initiatives: Encouraging companies to participate in voluntary programs, such as pollution prevention programs or environmental certification schemes, can promote self-regulation and inspire a sense of corporate responsibility towards pollution reduction.

4. Public pressure and consumer demand: Consumer awareness and demands for environmentally friendly products can influence companies to adopt cleaner practices and reduce pollution. Public pressure and consumer preferences can create market forces for sustainability.

5. Collaboration and partnerships: Governments, companies, and environmental organizations can collaborate to develop industry-specific initiatives and best practices for pollution reduction. Sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise can drive collective action towards sustainable industrial practices.

6. Green taxation: Instead of taxing pollution directly, implementing tax incentives and rewards for companies that adopt environmentally friendly practices can encourage pollution reduction. This approach provides positive reinforcement and rewards rather than punitive measures.

7. Education and awareness: Promoting environmental education and raising awareness about the impacts of industrial pollution can foster a culture of responsibility and sustainability. Educated consumers and employees can drive demand for cleaner and greener industrial practices.

8. Encouraging circular economy: Shifting towards a circular economy, where resources are used efficiently, waste is minimized, and materials are recycled or reused, can significantly reduce industrial pollution and promote sustainable development.

Question 7: In some countries, governments pay unemployed people on a weekly basis. How would this impact people as well as the government? Do you agree or disagree with that?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Financial support for individuals: Providing weekly payments to unemployed people can offer essential financial support to individuals who are unable to find work. It helps them meet their basic needs and maintain a certain standard of living.

2. Reduced poverty and inequality: The weekly payments can help alleviate poverty and reduce income inequality by providing a safety net for those who are unemployed and struggling financially.

3. Social stability: Financial support for unemployed individuals can contribute to social stability by reducing the risk of social unrest or crime that may arise from high unemployment rates and economic hardship.

4. Increased consumer spending: The payments can stimulate consumer spending as unemployed individuals have more disposable income. This can have a positive impact on the economy by boosting demand for goods and services.

5. Health and well-being: Financial support can improve the mental and physical well-being of unemployed individuals by reducing stress and anxiety associated with financial insecurity.

6. Job search facilitation: Unemployed individuals receiving payments may have more flexibility and time to search for suitable employment opportunities, invest in skills development, or pursue retraining programs.

7. Economic stimulus: Weekly payments can act as an economic stimulus by injecting money into the economy. This can create a multiplier effect as the money circulates, benefiting businesses and creating job opportunities.

8. Social support and inclusion: Government payments can help individuals maintain social connections and a sense of belonging within their communities, preventing social isolation and promoting social inclusion.

Disagreeing:

1. Dependency and disincentive to work: Providing weekly payments to unemployed people can create a dependency on government support and discourage individuals from actively seeking employment or developing necessary skills to reenter the workforce.

2. Financial burden on the government: Continuous weekly payments can strain government budgets and lead to increased public spending, potentially resulting in higher taxes or reduced funding for other essential services.

3. Inefficiency and administrative costs: Implementing and managing a system of weekly payments requires significant administrative resources and costs, which can be a burden on government agencies.

4. Disincentive for employers: Continuous financial support to the unemployed can reduce the pressure on employers to create job opportunities or offer competitive wages, as there may be less urgency to fill vacant positions.

5. Inequitable distribution of resources: Providing weekly payments to unemployed individuals may be seen as unfair by some, as it may benefit certain individuals who are capable of working but choose not to, while others who genuinely need assistance may receive less support.

6. Lack of motivation and skill development: Without the pressure to find work, some individuals may lose motivation and miss out on opportunities for skill development and personal growth that come with being employed.

7. Economic implications: Continuous financial support without corresponding productivity or contribution to the economy can strain the overall economic performance of a country, potentially leading to stagnation or reduced competitiveness.

8. Reduced workforce participation: Generous weekly payments may discourage individuals from participating in the workforce, resulting in a smaller labor force and potential labor shortages in certain industries.

Question 8: Some parents spend a little free time with their children today. Why is it so? Who do you think this affects more, parents or children?

IDEAS:

Reasons why some parents spend little free time with their children:

Parents:

1. Demanding work schedules: Many parents have busy and demanding work schedules, leaving them with limited free time to spend with their children.

2. Financial pressures: Some parents may have to work long hours or multiple jobs to meet financial obligations, which reduces the time available for spending with their children.

3. Increased responsibilities: Modern lifestyles often come with increased responsibilities, such as managing household tasks, caring for elderly family members, or participating in community activities. These responsibilities can leave parents with less free time for their children.

4. Digital distractions: The rise of technology and digital distractions can divert parents’ attention away from spending quality time with their children. Engaging in screen time activities or being constantly connected to work can limit the time and attention dedicated to family interactions.

5. Stress and fatigue: Parents may experience high levels of stress and fatigue due to their responsibilities and commitments. This can make it challenging to find the energy and motivation to spend quality time with their children.

Children:

1. Impact on emotional well-being: Limited time spent with parents can affect children’s emotional well-being, leading to feelings of neglect, loneliness, or insecurity.

2. Reduced parental guidance and support: Spending less time with parents can result in reduced opportunities for children to receive guidance, support, and valuable life lessons from their parents.

3. Negative impact on development: Insufficient parental involvement can hinder children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. It may impede their ability to form secure attachments, develop essential life skills, and build healthy relationships.

4. Decreased communication and bonding: Lack of quality time can lead to decreased communication and bonding between parents and children, which are crucial for building strong relationships and trust.

5. Influence on behavior: Insufficient parental presence and involvement can impact children’s behavior, potentially leading to increased risk of engaging in negative or risky behaviors.

6. Academic performance: Limited parental involvement may affect children’s academic performance, as parental support and engagement play a vital role in their educational success and motivation.

7. Long-term consequences: The lack of quality time with parents during childhood can have long-term consequences on children’s overall well-being, self-esteem, and future relationships.

8. Sense of priorities: When parents consistently prioritize work or other commitments over spending time with their children, it can shape children’s perception of priorities and affect their own future priorities and relationships.

Question 9: Some people think that music plays an important role in society. Others think it is simply a form of entertainment. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

Music plays an important role in society:

1. Emotional expression: Music has the power to evoke emotions and provide a means for individuals to express themselves. It can capture and communicate a wide range of emotions, creating a shared understanding and connection among people.

2. Cultural identity: Music is deeply intertwined with cultural identity and heritage. It reflects the traditions, values, and beliefs of a society or community, helping to preserve and celebrate cultural diversity.

3. Social cohesion: Music brings people together, fostering a sense of community and social cohesion. It can be a unifying force, transcending language and cultural barriers, and creating shared experiences and moments of collective joy.

4. Therapeutic benefits: Music has therapeutic benefits and can be used as a form of therapy for individuals with mental, emotional, or physical health challenges. It can provide comfort, relaxation, and healing, promoting well-being and improving quality of life.

5. Communication and storytelling: Music serves as a powerful medium for storytelling and communication. It can convey narratives, history, and social messages, allowing artists to address important issues and inspire social change.

6. Educational value: Music education plays a significant role in the development of cognitive skills, creativity, and discipline. It enhances academic performance, improves critical thinking abilities, and fosters self-expression among children and young adults.

Music is simply a form of entertainment:

1. Enjoyment and leisure: Music primarily serves as a source of entertainment and enjoyment for individuals. It offers a means of relaxation, escape, and pleasure in leisure time.

2. Commercial industry: Music is a part of the entertainment industry and generates revenue through sales, streaming, concerts, and merchandise. It serves as a form of entertainment business, providing employment opportunities for artists, producers, and other industry professionals.

3. Personal preferences: Musical taste is subjective, and individuals may engage with music solely based on personal preferences and enjoyment without seeking deeper societal or cultural significance.

4. Distraction and diversion: Music can serve as a form of distraction from daily stresses and routine. It offers a means of diversion and entertainment, allowing individuals to unwind and temporarily disconnect from their daily lives.

5. Entertainment value: Music contributes to the overall entertainment landscape, alongside other forms of media such as movies, television, and sports. It provides individuals with a variety of options for entertainment and leisure activities.

6. Variety and creativity: The music industry offers a diverse range of genres, styles, and artists, catering to different tastes and preferences. It showcases the creativity and talent of musicians, providing audiences with a wide array of entertainment choices.

Question 10: Some people who leave school early more successful compared with those who complete their studies. Provide reasons why they are more successful and what are the requirements for success?

IDEAS:

Some people who leave school early may be more successful compared to those who complete their studies for various reasons:

1. Entrepreneurial opportunities: Leaving school early can provide individuals with the opportunity to start their own businesses or pursue entrepreneurial ventures at a younger age. This can lead to success in terms of financial independence and personal fulfillment.

2. Early entry into the workforce: By leaving school early, individuals can enter the workforce earlier and gain valuable work experience. This early entry can give them a head start in terms of building a career and accumulating practical skills.

3. Specialized training or apprenticeships: Some individuals who leave school early may opt for specialized training programs or apprenticeships in specific fields. This targeted training can equip them with practical skills and industry knowledge, leading to success in those specific fields.

4. Personal drive and determination: Leaving school early may require individuals to be self-motivated and driven to succeed. This determination can be a driving force in their pursuit of success, as they are often more focused on achieving their goals.

5. Networking and connections: Early entry into the workforce or specialized training programs can provide opportunities for individuals to build a strong network of professional contacts. These connections can open doors to new opportunities and contribute to their success.

6. Real-world experiences: Leaving school early exposes individuals to real-world challenges and experiences that can enhance their problem-solving skills, adaptability, and resilience. These qualities are often essential for success in various aspects of life.

7. Individual talents and strengths: Some individuals may possess unique talents or skills that are not necessarily dependent on formal education. By capitalizing on their natural abilities, they can carve out successful paths in areas such as arts, sports, or entrepreneurship.

8. Flexibility and adaptability: Leaving school early may allow individuals to have more flexibility in their career choices and life decisions. They can explore different options, adapt to changing circumstances, and seize opportunities that may lead to their success.

Requirements for success:

1. Passion and commitment: Success often requires individuals to be passionate about their pursuits and committed to their goals. Having a clear vision and dedicating oneself to continuous improvement are essential.

2. Hard work and perseverance: Success is rarely achieved without hard work and perseverance. It requires individuals to be willing to put in the effort, overcome challenges, and persist in the face of setbacks.

3. Continuous learning and self-improvement: Success often requires individuals to embrace a mindset of continuous learning and self-improvement. Being open to new ideas, acquiring new skills, and adapting to change are crucial for long-term success.

4. Adaptability and resilience: Success is often accompanied by uncertainties and obstacles. The ability to adapt to changing circumstances, bounce back from failures, and maintain resilience in the face of challenges is important.

5. Effective communication and interpersonal skills: Success often involves collaboration and interaction with others. Having strong communication, interpersonal, and leadership skills can contribute to success in building relationships, influencing others, and achieving common goals.

6. Goal setting and planning: Success is more likely to be achieved when individuals set clear goals, develop effective plans, and take consistent action towards their objectives. Having a strategic approach and staying focused on priorities are important.

7. Emotional intelligence: Success is not solely determined by technical skills or knowledge. Emotional intelligence, including self-awareness, empathy, and the ability to manage emotions, plays a significant role in building relationships, making sound decisions, and navigating challenges.

8. Integrity and ethical behavior: Long-term success is often built on a foundation of integrity and ethical behavior. Acting with honesty, treating others with respect, and maintaining a strong moral compass contribute to sustainable success.

Question 11: Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, but others think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all the information can be seen on TV and the internet. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

Traveling abroad to learn about other countries:

1. Cultural immersion: Traveling abroad provides a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in different cultures, traditions, and customs firsthand. It allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the nuances and complexities of a country’s culture.

2. Experiencing local perspectives: Being physically present in a foreign country allows individuals to interact with locals, engage in conversations, and gain insights into their perspectives, values, and way of life. This firsthand experience cannot be fully replicated through TV or the internet.

3. Language acquisition: Traveling abroad offers the chance to practice and improve language skills by engaging with native speakers in real-life situations. Language immersion provides a more authentic and effective learning experience compared to relying solely on TV or the internet.

4. Experiencing historical and architectural wonders: Many countries boast rich histories and architectural marvels. Visiting these sites in person allows for a deeper appreciation of their significance and grandeur, providing a more immersive educational experience.

5. Food and gastronomy: Traveling abroad allows individuals to taste and savor local cuisines, exploring flavors and culinary traditions that may be difficult to fully experience through TV or the internet. Trying local dishes can be a significant part of understanding a country’s culture.

6. Building global awareness and empathy: Traveling abroad fosters global awareness, broadens perspectives, and promotes empathy by exposing individuals to different ways of life, socio-economic conditions, and societal challenges. It encourages a more nuanced understanding of the world.

7. Personal growth and self-discovery: Traveling abroad can be a transformative experience, fostering personal growth, independence, and self-discovery. It allows individuals to step out of their comfort zones, face new challenges, and develop valuable life skills.

TV and the internet as sources of information:

1. Access to vast information: TV and the internet provide access to a wealth of information about different countries, their cultures, history, landmarks, and more. This information can be readily available and easily accessible from the comfort of one’s home.

2. Virtual tours and documentaries: Through TV and the internet, virtual tours and documentaries offer visual experiences that can provide a sense of being in a foreign country and offer insights into its culture, landmarks, and traditions.

3. Cost-effective: Traveling abroad can be expensive, and not everyone has the financial means or resources to embark on international trips. TV and the internet offer a cost-effective alternative to learn about other countries without the need for travel expenses.

4. Time flexibility: TV and the internet allow individuals to learn about other countries at their own pace and convenience. There is no need to adhere to a specific travel itinerary or time constraints, making it easier to fit into busy schedules.

5. Environmental impact: Traveling abroad contributes to carbon emissions and environmental impact. By relying on TV and the internet, individuals can reduce their carbon footprint and minimize their impact on the environment.

6. Safety and security: Some countries may pose safety concerns or travel restrictions, making it challenging or risky to visit in person. TV and the internet provide a safer option for learning about these countries without putting oneself in potential danger.

7. Detailed and specialized information: TV programs, documentaries, and online resources often offer in-depth and specialized information about various aspects of different countries, allowing individuals to delve into specific topics of interest.

Question 12: Many people believe that countries should produce food for the whole population and import as little food as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that countries should produce food for the whole population and import as little as possible:

1. Food security: Producing food domestically ensures a reliable and secure food supply for the population, reducing dependence on external sources and potential disruptions in global food trade.

2. Self-sufficiency: Relying on domestic production promotes self-sufficiency and reduces vulnerability to fluctuations in international markets, currency exchange rates, and geopolitical tensions that could impact food imports.

3. Support for local farmers: Prioritizing domestic food production supports local farmers and agricultural communities, contributing to rural development, employment opportunities, and economic growth within the country.

4. Quality control and safety standards: Producing food domestically allows for greater control over quality assurance and adherence to safety standards, ensuring that the population has access to safe and nutritious food.

5. Environmental sustainability: Local food production can be aligned with sustainable farming practices, minimizing carbon emissions from long-distance transportation and reducing the ecological footprint associated with large-scale food imports.

6. Preservation of traditional farming practices: Promoting domestic food production helps preserve traditional farming practices, local agricultural knowledge, and indigenous food cultures, safeguarding cultural heritage and biodiversity.

7. Food sovereignty: Emphasizing domestic production aligns with the concept of food sovereignty, giving countries more control over their food systems and the ability to shape policies that prioritize local agricultural interests and meet specific dietary preferences.

8. National resilience: Domestic food production strengthens a country’s resilience in times of crises, such as natural disasters or geopolitical conflicts, by ensuring a stable food supply even when international trade is disrupted.

Disagreeing that countries should produce food for the whole population and import as little as possible:

1. Comparative advantage: Some countries have natural resources, climate conditions, or agricultural expertise that make them more efficient and competitive in producing certain types of food. Importing such food can be economically advantageous and allow for specialization.

2. Diverse food options: Importing food allows for a wider variety of food choices for consumers, enriching their diets and cultural experiences. It provides access to foods that may not be feasible to produce domestically due to climate limitations or limited resources.

3. Cost-effectiveness: In some cases, importing food can be more cost-effective than producing it domestically. It may be cheaper to import certain crops or products from countries with lower production costs, benefiting consumers through lower prices.

4. Global interdependence: Encouraging food imports fosters global interdependence and trade partnerships, promoting international cooperation and economic integration among countries.

5. Resource allocation: Producing all food domestically may not be the most efficient use of resources, especially in countries with limited arable land or water resources. Importing certain food items allows for optimal resource allocation.

6. Market stability: Importing food can help stabilize domestic markets by diversifying sources of supply and mitigating the impact of local production fluctuations, weather events, or other agricultural risks.

7. Food aid and assistance: Importing food can be vital for countries facing food shortages or humanitarian crises, as it allows for the timely delivery of essential supplies to vulnerable populations.

8. Global food security: A balanced approach to both domestic production and food imports can contribute to global food security by ensuring that countries with surplus production can export to those in need.

Question 13: Nowadays celebrities earn more money than politicians. What are the reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development?

IDEAS:

Reasons for celebrities earning more money than politicians:

1. Market demand: Celebrities often generate high levels of public interest and entertainment value, resulting in increased demand for their work, such as movies, music, or endorsements. This demand drives up their earnings.

2. Global reach and popularity: Celebrities have a wide global reach due to the influence of media and the internet. Their popularity translates into higher earning potential through various revenue streams, including endorsements, brand partnerships, and social media monetization.

3. Entertainment industry dynamics: The entertainment industry, including film, music, sports, and fashion, has seen significant growth and commercialization. This growth has led to lucrative contracts, sponsorships, and endorsement deals for celebrities.

4. Limited earning potential of politicians: Politicians typically earn salaries from public funds and adhere to strict regulations regarding their income. Their earnings are often predetermined and subject to public scrutiny, limiting their potential for significant financial gains.

5. Market-driven salaries: Celebrity earnings are driven by market forces and negotiated based on their perceived value in the entertainment industry. This can result in large paychecks for successful celebrities who command high demand.

6. Celebrity branding and personal image: Celebrities often build personal brands around their talent, image, and public persona. This branding attracts endorsements and business opportunities, allowing them to capitalize on their fame and earn substantial income.

7. Ancillary revenue streams: In addition to their primary work, celebrities often diversify their income through investments, entrepreneurship, and business ventures. These additional revenue streams contribute to their overall wealth.

8. Influence and social media presence: Celebrities leverage their influence and social media presence to cultivate a loyal fan base, attract sponsorship deals, and monetize their online platforms, further boosting their earnings.

Whether it is a positive or negative development:

Positive aspects:

1. Economic stimulus: The high earnings of celebrities contribute to economic growth by creating jobs, supporting industries such as entertainment, fashion, and media, and stimulating consumer spending.

2. Reward for talent and success: Celebrity earnings can be seen as a reward for their talent, hard work, and success in their respective fields. It can serve as motivation for individuals to pursue their passions and excel in their chosen professions.

Negative aspects:

1. Economic disparity: The stark income disparity between celebrities and politicians highlights broader income inequalities in society. It raises concerns about wealth distribution and the concentration of resources in the hands of a few individuals.

2. Perceived value misalignment: Some argue that the significantly higher earnings of celebrities compared to politicians can create a perception that entertainment and fame are more valued than public service and governance.

3. Distorted societal values: The emphasis on celebrity earnings can contribute to a culture that prioritizes material wealth, fame, and superficiality over other important societal values such as education, public service, or intellectual pursuits.

4. Limited societal contribution: While celebrities often engage in philanthropy and social causes, their high earnings relative to politicians may be seen as disproportionate to their direct societal contributions.

Question 14: Some people believe that to give opportunities to the new generation companies should encourage high-level employees who are older than 55 to retire. Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that companies should encourage high-level employees who are older than 55 to retire:

1. Succession planning: Encouraging older high-level employees to retire allows for smoother succession planning within the company. It opens up opportunities for younger employees to take on leadership roles and bring fresh perspectives and ideas.

2. Knowledge transfer: When older employees retire, they can mentor and pass on their knowledge and expertise to younger employees, ensuring a smooth transition and preserving institutional knowledge within the organization.

3. Promoting diversity and inclusion: Encouraging retirement can create opportunities for a more diverse and inclusive workforce. By opening up positions for younger employees, companies can benefit from a broader range of experiences, perspectives, and skills.

4. Adaptability to technological advancements: Younger generations are often more adept at adopting and leveraging new technologies. Encouraging retirement can facilitate the integration of new technologies and innovative practices within the company.

5. Addressing career stagnation: Encouraging older employees to retire can help address issues of career stagnation for younger employees who may feel limited in their professional growth due to a lack of advancement opportunities.

6. Promoting a dynamic work culture: Creating space for younger employees to assume leadership positions can foster a more dynamic and forward-thinking work culture, where new ideas are encouraged, and innovation thrives.

7. Mitigating age-related biases: By actively encouraging retirement, companies can mitigate age-related biases and stereotypes, ensuring that individuals are not judged solely based on their age but rather on their abilities and potential.

8. Economic benefits: Retiring older employees may create job openings, reduce labor market competition, and provide opportunities for employment and advancement for younger individuals, contributing to overall economic growth.

Disagreeing that companies should encourage high-level employees who are older than 55 to retire:

1. Experience and expertise: Older employees often possess a wealth of experience and expertise that can be invaluable to the company. Their knowledge and insights can contribute to better decision-making and problem-solving.

2. Institutional memory: Retaining older employees allows the company to preserve institutional memory and historical context, which can be critical for maintaining continuity and avoiding repeating past mistakes.

3. Mentoring and leadership development: Older employees can serve as mentors and role models for younger employees, providing guidance, support, and professional development opportunities.

4. Workforce diversity: Encouraging a multi-generational workforce can foster diversity and inclusion, allowing for different perspectives, skill sets, and experiences to come together and drive innovation.

5. Flexibility and work-life balance: Some older employees may prefer to continue working beyond the traditional retirement age, either part-time or in flexible roles, to maintain engagement, social connections, and a sense of purpose.

6. Age discrimination concerns: Encouraging retirement based solely on age can be perceived as age discrimination. It is important to assess employees based on their performance, capabilities, and contributions rather than their age.

7. Talent shortage: In certain industries or positions, there may be a shortage of skilled professionals. Retaining experienced older employees can help address talent gaps and ensure the company has the necessary expertise to thrive.

8. Personal choice and fulfillment: Some older employees may derive fulfillment and satisfaction from their work and wish to continue contributing to the company beyond the traditional retirement age. Respecting individual choices and providing flexible retirement options can enhance employee well-being and loyalty.

Question 15: Some people say that technologies such as mobile phones are disrupting social interaction.  Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that technologies such as mobile phones are disrupting social interaction:

1. Reduced face-to-face communication: The increased use of mobile phones and technology has led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. People may prefer to communicate through text messages or social media rather than engaging in personal conversations.

2. Distraction and divided attention: Mobile phones can distract individuals from in-person social interactions. Constant notifications, checking messages, and using social media during social gatherings can detract from meaningful conversations and connections.

3. Dependency on virtual communication: Over-reliance on mobile phones and technology for communication can hinder the development of effective interpersonal skills and the ability to navigate social situations in person.

4. Diminished social skills: Excessive use of mobile phones can contribute to a decline in social skills, such as active listening, non-verbal communication, and empathy, as these skills are not fully utilized or developed in virtual interactions.

5. Disconnection and isolation: Spending excessive time on mobile phones can lead to a sense of disconnection and isolation from the immediate social environment. People may prioritize virtual connections over face-to-face interactions, leading to a lack of meaningful relationships.

6. Impersonal communication: Text-based communication lacks the depth and nuances of face-to-face conversations. Emotions, tone, and non-verbal cues can be misinterpreted or lost in virtual interactions, leading to misunderstandings and less fulfilling connections.

7. Reduced social engagement: Mobile phones can create a barrier to social engagement in public spaces. People may retreat into their digital world, avoiding interaction with others and missing out on opportunities for spontaneous conversations and connections.

8. Shallow relationships: The prevalence of virtual interactions can lead to a shallower level of connection and relationships. Online friendships and interactions may lack the depth and intimacy that can be achieved through in-person interactions.

Disagreeing that technologies such as mobile phones are disrupting social interaction:

1. Increased connectivity: Mobile phones enable individuals to stay connected with friends, family, and social networks regardless of physical distance. They provide opportunities for continuous communication and social interaction.

2. Facilitation of social coordination: Mobile phones make it easier to plan and coordinate social activities, enhancing social interaction by enabling efficient organization and communication among individuals.

3. Expansion of social networks: Technology allows people to connect with individuals from diverse backgrounds and cultures, expanding their social networks and promoting cross-cultural understanding and collaboration.

4. Maintaining relationships: Mobile phones enable individuals to stay in touch with loved ones, especially in situations where physical proximity is not possible, such as long-distance relationships or international communication.

5. Enhanced social experiences: Mobile phones provide opportunities for sharing experiences in real-time through photos, videos, and live streaming, allowing for virtual participation and connection even when physically apart.

6. Accessibility and inclusivity: Technology can facilitate social interaction for individuals with mobility issues, disabilities, or social anxiety by providing alternative means of communication and connection.

7. Social networking platforms: Social media platforms foster social interaction by providing spaces for individuals to connect, share, and engage in conversations and communities based on shared interests or experiences.

8. Innovation in communication: Mobile phones and technology have revolutionized communication, introducing new forms of expression and creative ways to connect, such as video calls, instant messaging, and collaborative platforms.

Question 16: Many companies and organisations require their employees to wear uniforms. What kind of jobs require uniforms? What are the disadvantages of wearing a uniform to work?

IDEAS:

Jobs that require uniforms:

1. Service industry: Jobs in the service industry, such as hospitality (e.g., hotels, restaurants), retail, and customer service, often require employees to wear uniforms. This helps create a professional and cohesive image for the business.

2. Healthcare: Healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and medical staff, commonly wear uniforms to distinguish themselves and maintain hygiene standards in clinical environments.

3. Public safety: Uniforms are essential for professions in public safety, such as police officers, firefighters, and security personnel. Uniforms help identify and establish authority and provide practicality for their duties.

4. Transportation: Jobs in the transportation sector, such as airline crew, pilots, bus drivers, and delivery personnel, often require uniforms for identification, brand representation, and safety purposes.

5. Manufacturing and construction: Workers in manufacturing plants, construction sites, and industrial settings may wear uniforms for safety reasons, including high-visibility clothing, protective gear, and identification within the workplace.

6. Military and defense: Uniforms are integral to military and defense personnel, distinguishing them from civilians and fostering a sense of unity, discipline, and adherence to rank and protocol.

Disadvantages of wearing a uniform to work:

1. Lack of individuality: Uniforms can limit individual expression and personal style, leading to a loss of identity and self-expression among employees.

2. Comfort and flexibility: Uniforms may not always be comfortable or flexible enough for certain job roles or physical activities, potentially hindering productivity or job performance.

3. Expense and maintenance: Employees may bear the cost of purchasing and maintaining uniforms, which can be an additional financial burden, especially if replacements are required regularly.

4. Stereotyping and perception: Uniforms can lead to stereotyping and assumptions about an individual’s role, which may impact how they are perceived both inside and outside the workplace.

5. Psychological impact: Wearing a uniform can create a sense of conformity and a loss of autonomy, potentially affecting employee morale, motivation, and job satisfaction.

6. Limited use outside of work: Uniforms are typically designed for work-specific purposes, and employees may find it inconvenient to switch between work attire and personal clothing when transitioning in and out of the workplace.

Question 17: Some people think that the government should increase the tax on unhealthy food to encourage people to start eating healthy. Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that the government should increase the tax on unhealthy food to encourage people to start eating healthy:

1. Public health promotion: Higher taxes on unhealthy food can serve as a deterrent and discourage consumption, thereby promoting healthier eating habits and reducing the prevalence of diet-related diseases.

2. Economic incentive for healthier choices: Increased taxes on unhealthy food make healthier options relatively more affordable, incentivizing individuals to choose nutritious alternatives and improving overall dietary patterns.

3. Cost burden of healthcare: Unhealthy diets contribute to various health issues, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems. By discouraging unhealthy food consumption, the government can potentially reduce healthcare costs associated with treating diet-related diseases.

4. Behavioral change: Higher taxes can influence consumer behavior and lead to a shift in preferences towards healthier food options. It can create awareness and promote conscious decision-making regarding food choices.

5. Revenue generation: Increased tax revenue from unhealthy food can be allocated towards public health initiatives, education programs, or subsidizing healthier food options, further encouraging healthier eating habits.

6. Reduced societal costs: Unhealthy diets have broader societal costs, including decreased productivity, absenteeism, and decreased quality of life. By discouraging unhealthy food consumption, the government can address these societal impacts and promote overall well-being.

7. Health equity: Higher taxes on unhealthy food can help address health disparities, as individuals with lower incomes are more likely to consume unhealthy food due to cost constraints. Increasing the tax can make healthier options more accessible and equitable.

8. Environmental impact: Unhealthy food production often contributes to environmental degradation. By discouraging consumption through higher taxes, the government can indirectly promote sustainable food choices and reduce the environmental footprint of the food system.

Disagreeing that the government should increase the tax on unhealthy food to encourage people to start eating healthy:

1. Personal choice and freedom: Individuals have the right to make their own dietary decisions, and imposing higher taxes on unhealthy food may be seen as paternalistic and infringing upon personal freedom and autonomy.

2. Regressive impact: Higher taxes on unhealthy food disproportionately affect individuals with lower incomes, who may already face financial constraints in accessing healthy food options. It can deepen socioeconomic inequalities and limit food choices for vulnerable populations.

3. Ineffectiveness: The impact of increased taxes on unhealthy food on individual behavior and dietary choices is not always clear-cut. Some individuals may still choose to purchase unhealthy options despite the higher cost, undermining the intended goal of behavior change.

4. Food industry influence: The food industry may find ways to circumvent the higher taxes by altering product formulations or marketing strategies, limiting the effectiveness of such measures in promoting healthier eating habits.

5. Lack of comprehensive approach: Focusing solely on increasing taxes on unhealthy food may oversimplify the complex factors that contribute to unhealthy diets, such as food availability, education, and socioeconomic factors. A more holistic approach is needed to address the broader determinants of dietary habits.

6. Limited impact on overall health: While unhealthy food consumption is a contributing factor to poor health outcomes, it is just one aspect of a larger picture. Public health efforts should consider multifaceted approaches that encompass education, access to nutritious food, and supportive environments for behavior change.

7. Unintended consequences: Higher taxes on unhealthy food may lead to a rise in black market activities or the consumption of cheaper, potentially unhealthier alternatives. It is essential to consider unintended consequences and potential negative impacts on the food industry and economy.

8. Individual responsibility and education: Rather than relying solely on taxation, emphasis should be placed on education, nutritional literacy, and empowering individuals to make informed choices about their diets. Promoting individual responsibility and providing access to nutrition education can be more effective in fostering long-term behavioral change.

Question 18: It is too expensive to look after and repair old buildings. This money should be spent on building modern buildings instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing that it is too expensive to look after and repair old buildings:

1. High maintenance costs: Old buildings often require extensive maintenance and repairs due to aging infrastructure, outdated systems, and wear and tear, leading to significant financial investments.

2. Energy inefficiency: Older buildings may lack energy-efficient features, resulting in higher utility costs. Retrofitting or upgrading these buildings to meet modern energy standards can be expensive.

3. Obsolete functionality: Old buildings may no longer meet the functional requirements of modern businesses or occupants. Adapting or renovating them to accommodate new technologies or spatial needs can be costly.

4. Safety concerns: Older buildings may have structural issues, outdated electrical systems, or inadequate fire safety measures. Addressing these concerns can require substantial investments to ensure occupant safety.

5. Limited accessibility: Older buildings may not comply with current accessibility standards, requiring expensive modifications to accommodate individuals with disabilities.

6. Economic viability: Investing in modern buildings can attract businesses, tourism, and investment, potentially stimulating economic growth and revitalization in the area.

7. Aesthetics and modernization: Modern buildings often have contemporary designs and features that can enhance the visual appeal of cities and contribute to their overall modernization.

8. Potential for innovation: Building modern structures allows for the integration of sustainable technologies, green building practices, and advanced infrastructure, fostering environmental stewardship and promoting a sustainable future.

Disagreeing that it is too expensive to look after and repair old buildings:

1. Cultural and historical significance: Old buildings often hold historical, cultural, and architectural value, contributing to the identity and character of cities. Preserving them can protect heritage and maintain a sense of continuity.

2. Sustainability and embodied energy: Renovating existing buildings can be more sustainable compared to constructing new ones. The embodied energy in the existing structures can be conserved, reducing the environmental impact associated with new construction.

3. Adaptive reuse potential: Old buildings can be repurposed for different functions, such as converting a historic warehouse into residential lofts or turning an old church into a community center. This adaptive reuse can save resources and contribute to sustainable development.

4. Social cohesion: Old buildings often serve as gathering places and community landmarks. Preserving them can foster social connections, community engagement, and a sense of place.

5. Economic value: Renovating and preserving old buildings can drive economic activity through heritage tourism, cultural events, and heritage-related industries, benefiting local economies.

6. Craftsmanship and quality: Old buildings often showcase craftsmanship and architectural details that may be lacking in modern construction. Preserving them can maintain these unique qualities and craftsmanship.

7. Long-term cost-effectiveness: While initial repair costs may be high, the long-term cost-effectiveness of preserving old buildings can be favorable compared to continuous investments in new construction and the associated infrastructure development.

8. Sense of continuity and identity: Old buildings contribute to the cultural fabric of a community, providing a link to the past and creating a sense of continuity and identity. They serve as tangible reminders of history and heritage.

Question 19: Many people nowadays see a counselor or therapist to improve their mental health. Some feel, however, that this is unnecessary. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

People who see a counselor or therapist to improve their mental health:

1. Access to professional support: Counselors and therapists are trained professionals who can provide guidance, support, and evidence-based interventions to help individuals navigate mental health challenges.

2. Validation and understanding: Counseling or therapy sessions can provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to express their thoughts, emotions, and experiences, leading to validation and a sense of being understood.

3. Skill-building and coping strategies: Therapeutic interventions can equip individuals with practical tools and coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns effectively.

4. Self-awareness and personal growth: Counseling can facilitate self-reflection and promote self-awareness, leading to personal growth, improved self-esteem, and enhanced overall well-being.

5. Relationship improvement: Therapy can improve communication skills and provide insights into relationship dynamics, helping individuals build healthier and more fulfilling relationships with others.

6. Professional guidance for complex issues: Certain mental health conditions, such as trauma, personality disorders, or severe depression, may require specialized treatment and support that can be provided by counselors or therapists.

7. Holistic approach to health: Mental health is an integral part of overall well-being, and seeking counseling or therapy demonstrates a proactive commitment to one’s holistic health and quality of life.

8. Stigma reduction: Seeking therapy normalizes the conversation around mental health and reduces the stigma associated with seeking help, encouraging others to prioritize their mental well-being.

People who feel that counseling or therapy is unnecessary:

1. Self-reliance and personal coping mechanisms: Some individuals believe that they can manage their mental health concerns on their own through self-reflection, self-help resources, or relying on existing support systems.

2. Financial constraints: Counseling or therapy sessions can be expensive, making them inaccessible or unaffordable for individuals with limited financial resources.

3. Personal preference: Some individuals may prefer alternative methods for managing their mental health, such as exercise, meditation, or engaging in hobbies or creative outlets.

4. Belief in privacy: There may be concerns about sharing personal information or emotions with a professional counselor or therapist, leading to a preference for maintaining privacy.

5. Lack of perceived benefit: Some individuals may not believe that counseling or therapy can significantly improve their mental health or that their concerns are not severe enough to warrant professional intervention.

6. Cultural or societal beliefs: Cultural or societal norms may discourage seeking help for mental health issues, viewing it as a sign of weakness or a personal failing.

7. Lack of awareness or knowledge: Some individuals may be unaware of the potential benefits of counseling or therapy or may have limited knowledge about available resources and services.

8. Limited availability: In some areas, access to mental health professionals, particularly in remote or underserved communities, may be limited, making counseling or therapy logistically challenging.

Question 20: Some people think that children should be raised by all the family members (e.g.: uncle, aunt and grandparents) rather than only parents. Give your opinion.

IDEAS:

Opinion: 

Children should be raised by all the family members (e.g., uncle, aunt, and grandparents) rather than only parents.

1. Extended support system: Involving extended family members in raising children provides additional support, resources, and diverse perspectives, which can enhance the child’s upbringing.

2. Emotional bonds and relationships: Building strong connections with extended family members fosters a sense of belonging, family identity, and the development of positive relationships beyond the immediate parent-child bond.

3. Shared responsibility: Sharing the responsibility of raising children among family members can alleviate some of the parenting burdens, allowing parents to have support and engage in self-care, which ultimately benefits the child.

4. Cultural and familial traditions: In many cultures, extended family involvement in child-rearing is deeply ingrained, and it helps preserve cultural values, traditions, and intergenerational knowledge transfer.

5. Expanded socialization opportunities: Interacting with different family members exposes children to various social contexts, diverse perspectives, and different personalities, enhancing their social skills and adaptability.

6. Transfer of wisdom and experiences: Grandparents and older family members often possess valuable life experiences and wisdom that they can share with children, providing unique learning opportunities and guidance.

7. Resilience and coping skills: Having a broader support system can help children develop resilience, adaptability, and strong interpersonal skills, as they learn to navigate various relationships and dynamics within the extended family.

8. Continuity and family bonding: Involving extended family members in raising children strengthens family ties and promotes a sense of continuity and connection across generations.

Question 21: Nowadays people are spending more time in the workplace and staying away from home for work. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this with your own experiences.

IDEAS:

Advantages of spending more time in the workplace and staying away from home for work:

1. Career advancement: Spending more time in the workplace can provide opportunities for career growth, skill development, and advancement in one’s profession.

2. Financial stability: Working longer hours or staying away from home for work may result in higher earnings and increased financial stability, allowing individuals to support themselves and their families.

3. Networking opportunities: Being present in the workplace for extended periods can facilitate networking and building professional connections, which can be beneficial for career prospects and future opportunities.

4. Professional fulfillment: Engaging in meaningful work and dedicating more time to one’s profession can contribute to a sense of purpose, accomplishment, and professional satisfaction.

5. Skill development: Spending more time in the workplace offers opportunities to acquire new skills, gain experience, and improve expertise in a specific field.

6. Professional reputation: Demonstrating commitment, dedication, and reliability by spending more time at work can contribute to a positive professional reputation, which may lead to increased recognition and future opportunities.

7. Enhanced productivity: Longer work hours can potentially result in increased productivity, as individuals have more time to focus on tasks, meet deadlines, and accomplish their work responsibilities.

8. Personal growth: Spending more time in the workplace can foster personal growth, self-discipline, and the development of important attributes such as time management, resilience, and problem-solving skills.

Disadvantages of spending more time in the workplace and staying away from home for work:

1. Work-life imbalance: Spending excessive time in the workplace can lead to a lack of balance between work and personal life, impacting relationships, family dynamics, and overall well-being.

2. Increased stress and burnout: Working long hours or being away from home for extended periods can contribute to higher stress levels, mental exhaustion, and an increased risk of burnout.

3. Negative impact on health: Lack of work-life balance and prolonged work hours can lead to physical health issues, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and increased vulnerability to illnesses.

4. Limited time for personal pursuits: Devoting more time to work can leave little time for personal hobbies, interests, self-care, and quality time with loved ones, resulting in a diminished overall quality of life.

5. Strained relationships: Spending less time at home can strain relationships with family, friends, and significant others, as there may be limited opportunities for connection, communication, and shared experiences.

6. Reduced personal fulfillment: Focusing predominantly on work can lead to a sense of dissatisfaction or regret related to missed opportunities for personal growth, leisure activities, and pursuing other aspects of life beyond work.

7. Decreased work-life integration: Spending excessive time at work can hinder the ability to integrate work responsibilities with personal life, potentially impacting overall satisfaction and well-being.

8. Limited flexibility and freedom: Being tied to the workplace for extended periods may limit flexibility in terms of managing personal commitments, pursuing other interests, or taking time off when needed.

Question 22: Some people think that formal education should start for children as early as possible. While others think that it should not start until 7 years of age. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

People who believe formal education should start as early as possible:

1. Early development: Starting formal education at a young age can support early cognitive, social, and emotional development, providing a strong foundation for future learning.

2. Academic preparedness: Early exposure to academic concepts and structured learning environments can help children develop foundational skills in reading, writing, and numeracy.

3. Socialization and interaction: Formal education can provide opportunities for children to socialize with peers, learn social skills, and develop important social and emotional competencies.

4. School readiness: Starting formal education early can ensure children are prepared for the structured routines, expectations, and academic demands of the school system.

5. Enhanced learning outcomes: Proponents argue that early education can lead to better academic performance, higher educational attainment, and increased opportunities for future success.

6. Early identification of learning difficulties: Early education settings can help identify any learning challenges or developmental delays, allowing for early intervention and support.

7. Parental support and involvement: Early education can involve parents in their child’s learning journey, fostering a collaborative partnership between educators and families.

8. Closing the achievement gap: Advocates argue that starting formal education early can help address educational inequalities and bridge the achievement gap, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

People who believe formal education should start at 7 years of age:

1. Play-based learning: Supporters argue that young children learn best through play and exploration, and delaying formal education allows for a focus on play-based learning approaches during the early years.

2. Developmentally appropriate practices: Delaying formal education until 7 years of age aligns with the idea that children develop at different rates and should be given time to grow emotionally, physically, and cognitively before entering a structured academic environment.

3. Emotional well-being: Critics argue that early formal education can put unnecessary pressure and stress on young children, impacting their emotional well-being and potentially leading to burnout or disengagement from learning.

4. Holistic development: Waiting until 7 years of age allows children to have a broader focus on holistic development, including social skills, emotional intelligence, creativity, and physical activities.

5. Individualized instruction: Advocates argue that delaying formal education provides more opportunity for personalized instruction, as teachers can better assess and cater to each child’s unique needs and learning style.

6. Time for exploration and curiosity: Delaying formal education gives children more time for unstructured play, exploration, and curiosity-driven learning, fostering a love for learning and a sense of intrinsic motivation.

7. Parent-child bond: Critics argue that delaying formal education allows for more time for the parent-child bond to develop and strengthens the parent’s role as the child’s primary educator during the early years.

8. Flexibility in early years: Waiting until 7 years of age allows for flexibility in pursuing alternative educational approaches such as homeschooling, unschooling, or specialized programs that align with the child’s interests and learning style.

Question 23: Some people argue that it is best to accept a bad situation, such as an unsatisfactory job or shortage of money. Others believe that it is better to try and improve such situations. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

People who argue that it is best to accept a bad situation:

1. Contentment and peace: Accepting a bad situation can lead to a sense of contentment and inner peace, as individuals learn to find happiness and satisfaction within their current circumstances.

2. Avoidance of stress and disappointment: Trying to improve a difficult situation may involve stress, disappointment, and the uncertainty of outcomes. Acceptance can provide a sense of relief from these negative emotions.

3. Adaptation and resilience: Accepting a bad situation allows individuals to adapt and develop resilience, focusing on coping strategies and finding ways to make the best of their circumstances.

4. Minimization of risk: Taking action to improve a bad situation may involve risks and potential setbacks. Acceptance can be seen as a safer approach, avoiding unnecessary risks and maintaining stability.

5. Energy conservation: Instead of expending energy and effort on trying to change an unsatisfactory situation, accepting it can free up resources to focus on other aspects of life or pursue personal goals and interests.

6. Embracing life’s challenges: Accepting challenging situations can be viewed as an opportunity for personal growth, learning valuable lessons, and developing a deeper understanding of oneself.

7. Realistic perspective: Acceptance can stem from a realistic assessment of the situation, acknowledging limitations and recognizing that not all circumstances can be changed.

8. Finding meaning and purpose: Accepting a bad situation can encourage individuals to find meaning and purpose within their current context, seeking fulfillment through other aspects of life such as relationships, hobbies, or personal growth.

People who believe it is better to try and improve bad situations:

1. Growth and personal development: Taking action to improve a bad situation can lead to personal growth, as individuals face challenges, develop new skills, and learn from their experiences.

2. Increased happiness and satisfaction: Working towards improving an unsatisfactory situation can bring about positive change, leading to increased happiness, fulfillment, and a sense of accomplishment.

3. Empowerment and control: Taking proactive steps to improve a situation empowers individuals to take control of their lives, rather than feeling like passive victims of circumstance.

4. Enhanced opportunities: By trying to improve a bad situation, individuals open themselves up to new opportunities, whether it’s finding a better job, seeking financial assistance, or exploring alternative paths.

5. Self-confidence and self-esteem: Making efforts to improve a bad situation can boost self-confidence and self-esteem, as individuals overcome obstacles, take risks, and see themselves as agents of change.

6. Role modeling and inspiration: Taking action to improve a bad situation can inspire others, serving as a positive example and demonstrating resilience, determination, and the possibility of transformation.

7. Creating a better future: By actively working to improve a bad situation, individuals can create a better future for themselves and potentially for others, breaking cycles of stagnation or adversity.

8. Advocacy and social change: Recognizing and addressing a bad situation can lead to advocacy for systemic change, challenging unfair circumstances, and striving for a more equitable society.

Question 24: Some people become famous at an early age. Is it bad or good? Discuss and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

Some people becoming famous at an early age:

1. Opportunities and exposure: Early fame can provide individuals with unique opportunities, such as access to prestigious platforms, networks, and collaborations that can boost their careers.

2. Financial gains: Early fame often brings financial success, allowing individuals to secure their future and support themselves and their families.

3. Skill development: Early exposure to the industry can lead to accelerated skill development, as individuals have the chance to refine their talents and receive professional guidance and training.

4. Influence and impact: Young celebrities have the potential to inspire and influence others, using their platform to advocate for important causes, raise awareness, and make positive changes in society.

5. Confidence and self-expression: Achieving fame at a young age can boost confidence and provide a platform for individuals to express themselves creatively and gain recognition for their unique abilities.

6. Personal growth and maturity: Early fame can present individuals with challenges and responsibilities that contribute to personal growth, resilience, and the development of essential life skills.

7. Educational opportunities: Famous young individuals often receive educational opportunities tailored to their talents, allowing them to balance their careers with academic pursuits and broaden their knowledge base.

8. Career longevity: Starting early in the industry can provide a head start in building a long and successful career, allowing individuals to capitalize on their early fame and establish a solid foundation for future endeavors.

Some drawbacks of becoming famous at an early age:

1. Loss of privacy: Early fame often results in a loss of privacy, with intense public scrutiny and invasive media attention that can negatively impact mental health and personal relationships.

2. Limited childhood and social experiences: Young celebrities may miss out on typical childhood experiences, such as attending school, participating in extracurricular activities, and forming lasting friendships.

3. Unrealistic expectations: Early fame can lead to unrealistic expectations and pressure to constantly meet or exceed public expectations, which can be emotionally taxing and contribute to stress and anxiety.

4. Exploitation and manipulation: Young celebrities are vulnerable to exploitation and manipulation by industry professionals, leading to issues like burnout, financial mismanagement, and mental health struggles.

5. Lack of normalcy and stability: Early fame disrupts the sense of normalcy and stability in a person’s life, with constant travel, demanding schedules, and the absence of a stable support system.

6. Limited personal development: The early demands of fame can hinder the development of critical life skills and self-discovery, as individuals may not have the chance to explore different interests or navigate typical life challenges.

7. Difficulty adjusting to adulthood: The transition from child star to adult celebrity can be challenging, with many struggling to maintain relevance and adapt to changing industry dynamics.

8. Unrealistic perceptions of success: Early fame may create distorted perceptions of success, with individuals equating fame and material wealth to personal fulfillment, potentially leading to a lack of fulfillment and dissatisfaction later in life.

Question 25: Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, others believe that homework plays an important role in the education of children. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

People who believe school children should not be given homework:

1. Free time for other activities: Without homework, children have more time for extracurricular activities, hobbies, sports, and spending quality time with family and friends.

2. Reduced stress and pressure: Homework can add to the already heavy workload and stress experienced by students, and removing it can alleviate some of these pressures, allowing children to relax and recharge.

3. Individualized learning: Children may have different learning styles and paces, and removing homework can provide flexibility for personalized learning approaches that cater to their individual needs.

4. Family engagement: Without homework, parents can engage with their children in meaningful discussions, activities, and experiences that support their learning and development.

5. Rest and sleep: Eliminating homework can ensure that children have enough time for adequate rest and sleep, promoting their overall well-being and cognitive functioning.

6. Creative and independent pursuits: Without the burden of homework, children have the freedom to engage in creative projects, pursue personal interests, and develop critical thinking skills outside the confines of formal education.

7. Reduced inequality: Homework can disproportionately impact students from disadvantaged backgrounds who may lack resources or support at home. Eliminating homework can help level the playing field and promote educational equity.

8. Emphasis on in-class learning: By removing homework, the focus can shift towards optimizing learning during school hours, ensuring that children receive quality instruction and active engagement in the classroom.

People who believe homework plays an important role in education:

1. Reinforcement of learning: Homework allows students to practice and reinforce what they have learned in class, solidifying their understanding and mastery of the subject matter.

2. Development of responsibility and time management skills: Homework teaches students valuable skills such as prioritization, organization, and time management, which are essential for success in academic and professional settings.

3. Preparation for future academic demands: Homework prepares students for the increasing workload and expectations they will encounter in higher education and the workforce.

4. Independent learning and self-discipline: Completing homework tasks independently fosters self-discipline, self-directed learning, and the ability to work autonomously, valuable skills for lifelong learning.

5. Extended learning opportunities: Homework allows students to explore topics in greater depth, conduct research, and engage in critical thinking beyond the limitations of classroom instruction.

6. Assessment and feedback: Homework provides opportunities for teachers to assess student understanding, identify areas of improvement, and provide timely feedback to guide further learning.

7. Habit formation: Homework instills the habit of regular study and academic engagement, promoting a disciplined approach to learning that can contribute to long-term academic success.

8. Bridging home-school connection: Homework encourages parental involvement and awareness of the child’s education, fostering a collaborative relationship between home and school.

Question 26: In some countries, most people prefer to rent a house rather than buying one. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of renting.

IDEAS:

Advantages of renting a house:

1. Flexibility: Renting provides flexibility in terms of mobility. Tenants can easily relocate to different areas or cities without the burden of selling a property.

2. Lower upfront costs: Renting typically requires a smaller upfront payment compared to buying a house, as renters often need to pay a security deposit and a few months’ rent in advance.

3. Maintenance and repairs: Landlords are generally responsible for the maintenance and repairs of the property, relieving tenants of the financial and time-consuming responsibilities that homeownership entails.

4. Access to amenities: Rental properties often come with shared amenities such as pools, gyms, or communal spaces, providing access to facilities that may be expensive or unavailable for homeowners.

5. Lower financial commitment: Renting eliminates the need for a long-term mortgage commitment, allowing individuals to allocate their financial resources to other priorities or investments.

6. Opportunity to test different areas: Renting allows individuals to explore and experience different neighborhoods or areas before committing to a specific location for the long term.

7. Flexibility in housing options: Renters can choose from a variety of housing options, such as apartments, townhouses, or single-family homes, based on their needs and preferences.

8. Avoiding property market fluctuations: Renting protects individuals from fluctuations in the property market and potential decreases in property value, providing stability and peace of mind.

Disadvantages of renting a house:

1. Lack of equity: Renters do not build equity in the property they reside in, as they do not own it. Rent payments do not contribute to long-term wealth accumulation.

2. Limited control and personalization: Renters may have restrictions on modifying or personalizing the property, limiting their ability to make changes to suit their preferences or needs.

3. Rent increases: Rent prices can increase over time, and tenants may have limited control over these increases, making long-term budgeting more challenging.

4. Uncertain tenancy: Renters are subject to the terms of their lease agreement, and there is a possibility of the landlord terminating the tenancy or not renewing the lease at the end of the term.

5. Restrictions on pets and activities: Renting often comes with restrictions on keeping pets or engaging in certain activities, limiting the freedom and flexibility of tenants.

6. Lack of long-term stability: Renters may feel a lack of stability, as they do not have the security of owning a permanent home and may need to relocate due to various circumstances.

7. Limited financial benefits: Unlike homeownership, renting does not offer potential tax advantages or the opportunity to build wealth through property appreciation.

8. Dependency on landlords: Renters rely on landlords for property management, repairs, and responsiveness to issues, and the quality of the landlord’s management can significantly impact the rental experience.