QUESTION 1: The impact that the growing demand for more flights has had on the environment is a major concern for many countries. Some people believe that one way to limit the number of people travelling by air is to increase tax on flights. To what extent do you think this could solve the problem?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Reduced demand for flights: Increasing taxes on flights can lead to higher ticket prices, making air travel less affordable for some individuals, which could result in a decrease in the overall demand for flights.

2. Encouraging alternative modes of transportation: Higher taxes on flights may incentivize people to explore alternative modes of transportation, such as trains or buses, which are generally more environmentally friendly.

3. Revenue for environmental initiatives: The increased tax revenue from flights can be directed towards funding environmental initiatives, such as investing in renewable energy, promoting sustainable transportation infrastructure, or supporting conservation efforts.

4. Behavioral change: Higher taxes can raise awareness about the environmental impact of air travel, encouraging individuals to reconsider their travel choices and opt for more sustainable options, such as shorter trips or fewer flights.

5. Balancing the external costs: Increasing taxes on flights helps to account for the external costs associated with aviation, such as carbon emissions and noise pollution, by ensuring that the industry contributes to mitigating its environmental impact.

6. Global cooperation: Implementing higher taxes on flights can stimulate international discussions and cooperation on environmental issues, encouraging countries to work together to find sustainable solutions for air travel.

Disagreeing:

1. Potential economic impact: Higher taxes on flights could have negative economic consequences, such as reduced tourism and business travel, leading to potential job losses and decreased economic activity in related industries.

2. Inequality in travel accessibility: Increased taxes on flights may disproportionately affect low-income individuals who rely on air travel for important reasons, such as visiting family or accessing educational or medical resources in distant locations.

3. Insufficient alternative infrastructure: In some cases, alternative modes of transportation may not be readily available or convenient, making it difficult for people to switch from air travel to other options, particularly for long-distance or international journeys.

4. Leakage to other jurisdictions: Higher taxes on flights in one country may lead to “flight leakage,” where travelers simply choose to fly from nearby countries with lower taxes, resulting in minimal environmental benefits.

5. Technological advancements: Investing in sustainable aviation technologies and fuel alternatives may have a more significant long-term impact on reducing the environmental footprint of air travel compared to relying solely on taxation.

6. Need for comprehensive solutions: Addressing the environmental impact of air travel requires a multifaceted approach, including advancements in technology, improvements in air traffic management, and sustainable practices throughout the aviation industry, rather than relying solely on increased taxes.

QUESTION 2: Some people think that it should be compulsory for people to retake their driving test every 5 years. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing this?

IDEAS:

Advantages of compulsory driving test retakes every 5 years:

1. Ensuring up-to-date knowledge and skills: Regular driving tests would ensure that drivers stay informed about new traffic laws, regulations, and safety practices, keeping their knowledge and skills current.

2. Identifying and addressing deficiencies: Frequent driving tests can help identify drivers with deteriorating skills or those who have developed bad habits over time. This allows for targeted interventions, such as additional training or license restrictions, to address any deficiencies.

3. Improved road safety: Regular driving tests can contribute to improved road safety by ensuring that all drivers on the road are competent and knowledgeable, reducing the risk of accidents caused by incompetent or unqualified drivers.

4. Encouraging responsible driving behavior: Knowing that they will be regularly evaluated, drivers may be more motivated to adopt responsible driving behaviors, such as following traffic rules, practicing defensive driving, and avoiding risky behaviors.

5. Assessing medical fitness: Mandatory driving test retakes can provide an opportunity to assess drivers’ physical and mental fitness, including vision, reflexes, and cognitive abilities, ensuring that they are fit to operate a vehicle safely.

6. Enhancing driver accountability: Requiring regular driving tests reinforces the idea that driving is a privilege and not a right. It promotes a culture of accountability, reminding drivers of their responsibility to maintain their skills and knowledge to ensure the safety of themselves and others on the road.

Disadvantages of compulsory driving test retakes every 5 years:

1. Practical challenges and costs: Implementing regular driving tests for the entire driving population can be logistically challenging and costly, requiring sufficient testing facilities, trained examiners, and administrative resources.

2. Increased workload for authorities: Conducting frequent driving tests would place a significant burden on transportation authorities, potentially leading to delays in scheduling and processing tests.

3. Inconvenience for drivers: Requiring drivers to retake their driving tests every 5 years may cause inconvenience, including time off work, travel to testing centers, and additional expenses associated with the testing process.

4. Discrimination and bias: There is a risk of bias or discrimination during the testing process, as examiners’ subjective judgments could influence test outcomes. Certain demographic groups may face disproportionate challenges or biases during the evaluation.

5. Negative impact on mobility: Mandatory driving test retakes might restrict individuals’ mobility, especially for those living in rural areas with limited access to transportation alternatives, leading to reduced independence and inconvenience.

6. Limited impact on accident reduction: Although regular driving tests aim to improve road safety, it is not guaranteed that accidents and incidents caused by driver error would be eliminated entirely, as factors such as weather conditions, infrastructure, and other drivers also contribute to accidents.

QUESTION 3: In many countries, women and men are working full-time. It is, therefore, logical for women and men to share household chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give relevant examples.

IDEAS:

Agreeing with the statement (sharing household chores):

1. Gender equality: Sharing household chores promotes gender equality by challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes, where domestic work is solely considered women’s responsibility.

2. Fair distribution of labor: Sharing household chores ensures a fair distribution of labor and prevents one partner from being burdened with the majority of domestic responsibilities, allowing both individuals to contribute equally to the household.

3. Time management: In dual-income households, sharing household chores allows for better time management, as both partners can share the responsibilities and allocate their time more efficiently between work and home.

4. Mutual support and collaboration: Sharing household chores fosters a sense of teamwork and mutual support between partners, strengthening their bond and enhancing their overall relationship satisfaction.

5. Role modeling for children: When parents share household chores, it sets a positive example for children, teaching them the importance of gender equality and cooperative responsibilities within a family unit.

6. Skill development: Sharing household chores enables individuals to develop various skills and capabilities, including cooking, cleaning, and managing household tasks, which are essential for personal growth and self-sufficiency.

7. Shared decision-making: When both partners are actively involved in household chores, it facilitates shared decision-making regarding domestic matters, ensuring that both voices are heard and valued.

8. Emotional well-being: Sharing household chores reduces the stress and mental burden on individuals, leading to better emotional well-being and a more harmonious home environment.

Disagreeing with the statement (not sharing household chores):

1. Personal preferences and capabilities: Some individuals may have personal preferences or skill sets that make them better suited for specific household tasks, leading to a more efficient division of labor based on individual strengths.

2. Time constraints and work commitments: In some cases, one partner may have significantly higher work demands or time constraints, making it more practical for the other partner to take on a larger share of the household chores.

3. Individual agreements and arrangements: Household chore responsibilities can be based on individual agreements and arrangements within a relationship, where each partner agrees to take on specific tasks based on their preferences and availability.

4. Outsourcing options: With the availability of domestic help or professional services, some couples may choose to outsource certain household tasks, alleviating the need for a strict division of labor between partners.

5. Personal satisfaction and fulfillment: Some individuals may find joy or a sense of accomplishment in taking care of certain household chores, and not sharing these tasks allows them to fulfill their personal preferences and derive satisfaction from their contributions.

6. Efficient specialization: Specializing in certain household tasks can lead to increased efficiency and effectiveness in completing those tasks, ultimately saving time and energy for both partners.

7. Individual circumstances: Different circumstances such as health issues, parenting responsibilities, or personal situations may require an uneven distribution of household chores, necessitating flexibility and understanding within the relationship.

8. Respect for individual choices: Ultimately, it is important to respect individual choices and autonomy within a relationship, allowing each partner to determine their level of involvement in household chores based on their preferences and circumstances.

QUESTION 4: In many countries, people are living in a “throwaway society” where things are used for a short time and thrown away. What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?

IDEAS:

Agreeing with the statement (living in a “throwaway society”):

1. Consumer culture: The rise of consumerism and materialism has led to a mindset where people constantly seek new and trendy products, resulting in a disposable mentality.

2. Planned obsolescence: Some companies intentionally design products with a limited lifespan to encourage frequent purchases and generate more profits, contributing to the throwaway culture.

3. Convenience and time constraints: Busy lifestyles and the desire for convenience make it easier for people to opt for disposable products or quick fixes rather than repairing or maintaining items.

4. Cost considerations: In some cases, buying new items may be cheaper than repairing or refurbishing existing ones, leading people to choose the more cost-effective option.

5. Advertising and marketing: Aggressive advertising and marketing strategies often emphasize the allure of new products, creating a sense of dissatisfaction with existing possessions and encouraging their replacement.

6. Lack of awareness and education: Many individuals may not be fully aware of the environmental and social impacts of their consumption habits, leading them to prioritize convenience and immediate gratification over long-term sustainability.

7. Social norms and peer pressure: People may feel pressure to conform to societal norms and trends, which promote the continuous acquisition of new goods and the disposal of older ones.

8. Waste management infrastructure: The availability of efficient waste management systems in some countries may inadvertently reinforce the throwaway culture by providing a seemingly easy solution for disposing of unwanted items.

Disagreeing with the statement (not living in a “throwaway society”):

1. Conscious consumer choices: Many individuals actively seek sustainable alternatives, prioritize durability, and choose products that can be repaired, reused, or recycled.

2. Rise of conscious consumerism: There is a growing awareness and movement towards mindful consumption, where people prioritize quality, ethical production, and the longevity of products over disposable options.

3. Circular economy initiatives: Governments, businesses, and organizations are promoting circular economy models that emphasize reducing waste, recycling materials, and extending the life cycle of products.

4. Repair and refurbishment culture: Many communities are embracing repair cafes, DIY initiatives, and sharing platforms, encouraging the repair and exchange of goods instead of discarding them.

5. Sustainable product design: Increasingly, companies are adopting eco-design principles, creating products that are durable, repairable, and made from sustainable materials, reducing the need for frequent replacements.

6. Environmental consciousness: Concerns about climate change and environmental degradation are driving individuals to make more conscious choices, including reducing waste and embracing sustainable lifestyles.

7. Government regulations and policies: Governments are implementing regulations and policies to promote sustainable practices, such as waste reduction targets, extended producer responsibility, and incentives for eco-friendly products.

8. Public awareness campaigns: Educational initiatives, awareness campaigns, and media coverage are highlighting the detrimental impacts of excessive consumption and encouraging more responsible behavior.

QUESTION 5: Shopping is now one of the most popular forms of leisure activity in many countries for young adults. What do you think is the reason for this? Is this a positive or negative development?

IDEAS:

Agreeing with the statement (shopping as a popular leisure activity):

1. Consumer culture: The rise of consumerism and materialism has created a society where shopping is heavily promoted and considered a normative leisure activity.

2. Social influence: Peer pressure and social media play a significant role in shaping young adults’ behaviors and interests, with shopping often portrayed as trendy and desirable.

3. Retail therapy: Shopping is seen as a means of relaxation, stress relief, and mood enhancement for some individuals, providing a temporary escape from daily routines and challenges.

4. Variety and accessibility: The availability of a wide range of products, both online and in physical stores, offers young adults the opportunity to explore different styles, trends, and brands, making shopping an exciting and enjoyable experience.

5. Personal expression and identity: Shopping allows individuals to express their personal style and identity, helping them feel confident and connected to current fashion trends.

6. Entertainment factor: Shopping malls and retail spaces are designed to provide an immersive and enjoyable experience, offering entertainment options such as food courts, cinemas, and interactive displays.

7. Economic prosperity: In countries with growing economies and higher disposable incomes, young adults have more purchasing power, leading to increased spending on leisure activities like shopping.

8. Marketing and advertising: Companies invest heavily in marketing campaigns targeting young adults, creating a desire for products and promoting shopping as a form of self-indulgence and satisfaction.

Disagreeing with the statement (shopping as a popular leisure activity):

1. Changing leisure preferences: While shopping may be popular among some young adults, others may prioritize alternative leisure activities such as outdoor pursuits, cultural events, or socializing with friends.

2. Online entertainment and digital media: The rise of digital platforms and online entertainment options has diverted young adults’ attention from traditional shopping experiences.

3. Awareness of environmental and ethical concerns: Growing awareness of sustainability and ethical issues in the fashion and retail industry has led some young adults to reduce their consumption and seek alternative ways to spend their leisure time.

4. Financial constraints: Economic challenges or limited financial resources may prevent some young adults from engaging in excessive shopping as a leisure activity.

5. Decline of brick-and-mortar stores: The closure of physical retail spaces due to the growth of e-commerce may reduce the appeal of shopping as a leisure activity for young adults.

6. Minimalism and conscious consumption: The minimalist movement and the trend of intentional living have influenced some young adults to adopt a more mindful approach to their consumption habits, focusing on quality over quantity.

7. Shift towards experiences: Many young adults prioritize experiences over material possessions, seeking meaningful interactions, travel, and personal growth rather than accumulating goods.

8. Individual preferences and interests: Leisure activities vary greatly among young adults, and while shopping may be popular for some, others may find enjoyment in hobbies, sports, or creative pursuits.

QUESTION 6: Some people think that money is the best gift for teenagers, others disagree. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

Agreeing with the view that money is the best gift for teenagers:

1. Flexibility: Money provides teenagers with the freedom to choose what they want and need, allowing them to make their own decisions and prioritize their preferences.

2. Financial responsibility: Giving money as a gift can teach teenagers valuable lessons about budgeting, saving, and managing their finances, promoting financial literacy and independence.

3. Personalization: Money allows teenagers to save up for larger purchases or experiences that align with their individual interests and goals, ensuring that they receive something they truly value.

4. Practicality: Money can be used to cover immediate needs or unexpected expenses, giving teenagers a sense of security and enabling them to address their own priorities.

5. Life skills: Handling money from a young age helps teenagers develop important skills such as decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding the value of hard work.

6. Gift preferences: Some teenagers may simply prefer to receive money as a gift, as it gives them the freedom to choose something that suits their specific tastes or interests.

7. Future planning: Money received as a gift can be saved or invested for future goals, such as education, travel, or starting a business, providing teenagers with opportunities for long-term financial growth.

8. Reduced waste: Money as a gift eliminates the possibility of receiving unwanted or duplicated items, reducing waste and ensuring that resources are used more efficiently.

Disagreeing with the view that money is the best gift for teenagers:

1. Lack of sentimentality: Money as a gift may lack the emotional connection and personal touch that comes with a thoughtful, tangible present, diminishing the sentimental value of the gift-giving experience.

2. Limited learning opportunities: Giving money may prevent teenagers from experiencing the joy of receiving and appreciating different types of gifts, limiting their exposure to new interests and hobbies.

3. Missed opportunities for creativity: Choosing a specific gift requires thought and creativity, as it involves considering the recipient’s preferences, which can be more meaningful and memorable than simply receiving money.

4. Development of materialistic values: An excessive focus on money as a gift may contribute to materialistic attitudes and a shallow understanding of the value of relationships and experiences.

5. Missed surprises: Money as a gift eliminates the element of surprise and anticipation that comes with receiving a carefully selected present, potentially reducing the excitement and joy of the gift-giving experience.

6. Teaching gratitude: Receiving tangible gifts provides an opportunity for teenagers to learn and practice gratitude, appreciating the effort and thoughtfulness behind the gesture.

7. Shared experiences: Non-monetary gifts, such as event tickets or experiences, can provide opportunities for shared activities and create lasting memories with loved ones.

8. Supporting local businesses: Choosing specific gifts supports local businesses and artisans, contributing to the local economy and fostering a sense of community.

QUESTION 7: Some people think that team sports prepare children for work and life. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

IDEAS:

Agreeing with the view that team sports prepare children for work and life:

1. Collaboration and teamwork: Team sports teach children how to work together towards a common goal, fostering essential skills such as communication, cooperation, and collaboration that are applicable in work and life situations.

2. Leadership development: Participating in team sports provides opportunities for children to develop leadership skills, as they learn to take initiative, make decisions, and guide their teammates towards success.

3. Discipline and time management: Team sports require commitment, regular practice, and adherence to rules and schedules, teaching children discipline, time management, and the importance of prioritizing responsibilities.

4. Resilience and perseverance: Team sports often involve facing challenges, setbacks, and competition, helping children develop resilience, perseverance, and the ability to bounce back from failures, which are valuable qualities in the professional world.

5. Goal setting and achievement: In team sports, children learn to set individual and team goals and work towards achieving them, fostering a sense of purpose, motivation, and the ability to strive for success in various areas of life.

6. Physical fitness and well-being: Engaging in team sports promotes physical fitness, health, and overall well-being, which contribute to increased energy levels, productivity, and improved mental and emotional resilience.

7. Social skills and relationship building: Team sports provide opportunities for children to interact with teammates, coaches, and opponents, enhancing their social skills, fostering friendships, and expanding their network, which can be beneficial in future work and social settings.

8. Character development: Through team sports, children learn important values such as sportsmanship, integrity, perseverance, respect, and fair play, which shape their character and ethical behavior in both personal and professional contexts.

Disagreeing with the view that team sports prepare children for work and life:

1. Individual preferences and talents: Not all children are inclined towards team sports, and their interests and talents may lie in other areas that can also contribute to their personal and professional development.

2. Limited applicability: While team sports provide certain skills and experiences, they may not directly translate to all aspects of work and life. Different environments and contexts require a diverse range of skills and competencies.

3. Alternative activities: Children can develop valuable life skills through other activities such as music, arts, volunteering, or individual sports, which may align more closely with their interests and talents.

4. Individual achievement and recognition: Team sports often emphasize collective efforts and team success, potentially overshadowing the importance of individual achievements and recognition, which are also significant in personal and professional growth.

5. Varied career paths: Success in work and life is not solely dependent on team-oriented skills. Many professions require individual expertise, innovation, and the ability to work independently, which may be developed through different experiences and activities.

6. Different learning styles: Some children may thrive in individual-focused learning environments rather than team-based settings, and their unique learning styles should be considered for optimal growth and development.

7. Potential negative experiences: In some cases, the competitive nature of team sports can lead to undue pressure, stress, or negative experiences for children, which may have adverse effects on their well-being and self-esteem.

8. Balancing priorities: Excessive focus on team sports may lead to neglecting other important aspects of children’s lives, such as academics, personal interests, or family time, which are equally crucial for holistic development.

QUESTION 8: Should parents allow their children to play similar TV programs and computer games as their friends do? Give your answer with relevant examples.

IDEAS:

Agreeing that parents should allow their children to play similar TV programs and computer games as their friends do:

1. Social inclusion: Allowing children to engage in similar media activities as their friends helps them feel included and connected within their peer group, promoting social integration and healthy friendships.

2. Shared experiences: Playing the same TV programs and computer games as their friends enables children to share experiences, discuss common interests, and strengthen their bonds, fostering social interaction and communication skills.

3. Cultural relevance: Popular TV programs and computer games often reflect the current cultural zeitgeist and serve as common points of reference among children. Allowing children to participate in these activities helps them stay culturally informed and engaged.

4. Reciprocal learning: By engaging in similar media activities, children have opportunities to learn from each other, exchange ideas, and develop new skills, promoting cognitive development and expanding their knowledge base.

5. Parent-child communication: Allowing children to explore similar media content as their friends creates avenues for open dialogue between parents and children. It provides an opportunity for parents to understand their child’s interests and engage in meaningful discussions about values, ethics, and critical thinking.

6. Empathy and understanding: Sharing media experiences with friends helps children develop empathy and understanding towards others’ perspectives, as they engage in discussions and debates about different themes and storylines.

7. Cultural literacy: Participating in popular media activities exposes children to shared cultural references, which can enhance their cultural literacy and enable them to engage in conversations with a wider range of peers.

8. Emotional well-being: Feeling connected to their friends through shared media experiences can contribute to children’s emotional well-being, as it promotes a sense of belonging and social support.

Disagreeing that parents should allow their children to play similar TV programs and computer games as their friends do:

1. Age-appropriate content: Parents should consider the age appropriateness of TV programs and computer games before allowing their children to engage in them. Some content may not be suitable for their developmental stage.

2. Personal values and beliefs: Parents may have specific values or beliefs that guide their decisions regarding media consumption. Allowing children unrestricted access to content solely based on what their friends are consuming may conflict with the parents’ values.

3. Screen time management: Parents need to consider the overall screen time and its impact on their child’s health, sleep patterns, and physical activities. Granting unlimited access to similar media activities as friends may lead to excessive screen time and neglect of other important aspects of development.

4. Individual interests and talents: Children have diverse interests and talents. Allowing them to explore a variety of media activities, including those outside their friends’ preferences, encourages individuality and helps them discover their own passions.

5. Parental guidance and supervision: Parents play a crucial role in guiding their children’s media choices and ensuring they consume content that is educational, appropriate, and aligned with their developmental needs.

6. Critical thinking skills: Encouraging children to explore a variety of media content helps develop their critical thinking skills as they analyze and evaluate different narratives, themes, and messages.

7. Introducing new experiences: Parents can introduce their children to a wide range of media activities beyond what their friends are engaged in, broadening their horizons and exposing them to diverse perspectives and cultural experiences.

8. Health and well-being: Some TV programs and computer games may have negative effects on children’s mental and emotional well-being. Parents should prioritize their child’s overall health and consider the potential impact of certain media content on their well-being.

QUESTION 9: Some people believe that spending on celebrating birthdays or weddings is a waste of money, but some argue that these celebrations can benefit both individuals and society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

IDEAS:

Spending on celebrating birthdays or weddings is a waste of money

1. Financial burden: Lavish celebrations can put individuals or families under significant financial strain, especially if they feel pressured to meet societal expectations or engage in extravagant expenses.

2. Materialism and consumerism: Focusing on extravagant celebrations can foster a culture of materialism and excessive consumerism, where the value of an event is measured by the amount of money spent rather than the quality of the experience.

3. Inequality and social pressure: Extravagant celebrations may create social pressure for individuals to keep up with expensive trends, leading to feelings of inadequacy or exclusion for those who cannot afford such expenditures.

4. Environmental impact: Large-scale celebrations often generate excessive waste, contributing to environmental degradation and unsustainable consumption patterns.

5. Shallow focus: Critics argue that excessive emphasis on lavish celebrations can distract from the true essence of important life events, shifting the focus away from personal connections, values, and meaningful experiences.

6. Reinforcement of materialistic values: Celebrations centered on spending and material possessions may reinforce the idea that happiness and fulfillment are derived from material wealth, overshadowing more significant aspects of personal relationships and milestones.

7. Opportunity cost: Money spent on extravagant celebrations could be redirected towards more meaningful investments, such as education, experiences, or charitable contributions, which have longer-term benefits.

8. Pressure on social relationships: The expectation to participate in expensive celebrations can strain relationships and create unnecessary competition, leading to social tension and conflicts.

Celebrations can benefit both individuals and society

1. Symbolic significance: Celebrations provide an opportunity for individuals to commemorate special occasions, mark important milestones, and strengthen social bonds through shared experiences.

2. Cultural and social traditions: Celebrations play a vital role in preserving cultural heritage and reinforcing social cohesion by upholding and passing down traditions from one generation to another.

3. Economic stimulus: Celebrations, particularly weddings, can stimulate local economies through increased spending on venues, catering, decorations, and related services, generating business opportunities and employment.

4. Community building: Celebrations bring people together, fostering a sense of belonging and community cohesion as individuals come together to support and celebrate significant moments in each other’s lives.

5. Positive emotions and well-being: Celebratory events can generate joy, happiness, and positive emotions, enhancing individuals’ overall well-being and creating lasting memories.

6. Expressing gratitude and appreciation: Celebrations provide a platform for individuals to express gratitude, appreciation, and love for others, strengthening personal relationships and fostering a sense of connection.

7. Social support and networking: Celebrations often bring together friends, family, and acquaintances, providing opportunities for networking, support systems, and the formation of new relationships.

8. Cultural exchange and understanding: Celebrations can offer an avenue for cultural exchange and understanding as individuals from different backgrounds come together to share in each other’s traditions and customs.

QUESTION 10: A lot of social problems can be related to teenagers these days. Some feel that this is because parents are not able to spend enough time to take care of their teenage children. Do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Lack of guidance: Insufficient parental involvement can result in a lack of guidance and direction for teenagers, leaving them susceptible to making poor choices and engaging in risky behaviors.

2. Emotional support: Teenagers require emotional support and a secure attachment with their parents. When parents are unable to spend enough time with their children, it can lead to feelings of neglect, isolation, and emotional distress.

3. Supervision and monitoring: Adequate parental supervision is crucial during the teenage years to ensure the safety and well-being of adolescents. Insufficient parental presence can increase the likelihood of involvement in delinquent activities or substance abuse.

4. Communication breakdown: Limited time spent together may hinder effective communication between parents and teenagers, leading to misunderstandings, conflicts, and difficulties in resolving issues or seeking support.

5. Peer influence: When parents are not actively involved in their children’s lives, teenagers may rely more heavily on their peers for guidance and validation. This can expose them to negative peer influences and increase the risk of engaging in risky behaviors.

6. Emotional regulation and self-esteem: Parental presence and involvement contribute to the development of emotional regulation skills and self-esteem in teenagers. Insufficient parental time can hinder the development of these essential skills, impacting their overall well-being.

7. Academic performance: Parents play a crucial role in supporting their children’s educational pursuits. When parents are unable to devote enough time to assist with schoolwork or engage in academic activities, it can negatively impact teenagers’ academic performance and motivation.

8. Relationship building: Parent-child bonding is essential for building strong and healthy relationships. Insufficient time spent together may strain the parent-child relationship, leading to a lack of trust, understanding, and connection.

Disagreeing:

1. Multiple factors at play: Social problems among teenagers are complex and multifaceted, influenced by various factors such as peer pressure, societal influences, education, and individual choices.

2. School and community environment: The school and community environments also play significant roles in shaping teenagers’ behaviors and experiences. Factors such as school culture, access to resources, and community support systems can influence social outcomes.

3. Individual responsibility: Teenagers are individuals with their own agency and decision-making abilities. While parental guidance and involvement are crucial, teenagers also have personal responsibility for their choices and actions.

4. External influences: Teenagers are exposed to a wide range of external influences, including media, social media, and societal norms, which can impact their behavior independently of parental involvement.

5. Parental quality over quantity: The quality of parental interactions and the ability to provide emotional support, guidance, and nurturing are more important than the sheer amount of time spent together.

6. Cultural and socioeconomic factors: Factors such as cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and work demands can influence parents’ ability to spend time with their children. Blaming parents solely for social problems overlooks these broader societal factors.

7. Supportive networks: Even when parents have limited time, supportive networks, such as extended family, mentors, or community programs, can help provide additional guidance and support to teenagers.

8. Individual differences: Each teenager’s experiences and responses to parental time availability may differ. While some teenagers may be adversely affected by limited parental time, others may thrive with support from other sources.

QUESTION 13: Some people think the Olympics are no longer important in the 21st century. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IDEAS:

Agreeing:

1. Commercialization and commercial interests: The Olympics have become heavily influenced by commercial interests, with corporate sponsorships and excessive focus on generating revenue, which detracts from the purity and spirit of the Games.

2. High costs and economic burden: Hosting the Olympics involves significant financial investments by host cities and countries, often leading to large debts and strained resources that could be better allocated to other pressing needs.

3. Corruption and controversies: The Olympics have been marred by various controversies, including corruption scandals, doping issues, and disputes over hosting rights, which have undermined the credibility and integrity of the Games.

4. Lack of global significance: With the increasing prominence of other international events and competitions, such as World Championships and regional tournaments, the Olympics may have lost some of their exclusivity and global significance.

5. Inequality and favoritism: Some argue that the Olympics perpetuate inequality, as wealthier countries tend to dominate in terms of medal counts and resources, while smaller and less privileged nations struggle to compete on an equal footing.

6. Environmental impact: Hosting the Olympics often requires massive infrastructure development, leading to environmental degradation, destruction of natural habitats, and excessive energy consumption.

7. Shifted priorities: In a rapidly changing world facing pressing issues like climate change, poverty, and social inequality, some argue that the focus and resources invested in the Olympics could be better directed toward addressing these urgent global challenges.

8. Changing viewership and relevance: With the advent of digital media and changing viewing habits, the popularity and viewership of the Olympics have declined among certain demographics, indicating a shifting societal interest in other forms of entertainment and sporting events.

Disagreeing:

1. Global unity and sportsmanship: The Olympics continue to symbolize global unity, bringing together athletes from diverse nations, cultures, and backgrounds to promote sportsmanship, understanding, and peace.

2. Inspirational and aspirational value: The Olympics serve as a platform for athletes to showcase their talent, dedication, and determination, inspiring millions of individuals around the world and encouraging them to pursue their dreams.

3. Promoting cultural exchange: The Olympics provide an opportunity for countries to share their unique cultures, traditions, and values, fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.

4. Legacy and urban development: Hosting the Olympics can lead to significant infrastructure development, urban renewal, and long-term benefits for host cities, including improved transportation, housing, and sports facilities.

5. Economic stimulus and tourism: The Olympics can stimulate local economies, attracting visitors, generating job opportunities, and promoting tourism in host cities, which can have long-lasting positive impacts.

6. Promotion of gender equality: The Olympics have played a crucial role in advancing gender equality in sports, providing a platform for female athletes to compete at the highest level and inspiring future generations.

7. Sporting excellence and records: The Olympics continue to witness exceptional athletic performances and the breaking of records, serving as a testament to human achievement and pushing the boundaries of human potential.

8. Sense of national pride and identity: The Olympics evoke a sense of national pride and identity, uniting communities and fostering a shared sense of belonging as countries come together to support their athletes on a global stage.

QUESTION 14: Fast food is a part of life in many places. Some people think this has bad effects on lifestyle and diet. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.

IDEAS:

Agreeing that fast food has bad effects on lifestyle and diet:

1. Poor nutritional value: Fast food is often high in calories, unhealthy fats, sugar, and sodium, while lacking essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, leading to imbalanced diets and potential health problems.

2. Obesity and related health issues: Regular consumption of fast food can contribute to weight gain and obesity, which increases the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.

3. Unhealthy eating habits: Fast food encourages a culture of convenience and instant gratification, promoting overeating, mindless snacking, and the neglect of healthier, home-cooked meals.

4. Impact on mental health: Research suggests that diets high in fast food and processed foods are associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

5. Environmental impact: The production and packaging of fast food contribute to environmental issues, including deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation, exacerbating climate change and ecological degradation.

6. Lack of food diversity and cultural erosion: The prevalence of fast food can lead to a loss of traditional and culturally diverse food choices, homogenizing diets and eroding culinary traditions.

7. Dependency on processed food: Regular consumption of fast food can create a dependency on processed and convenience foods, making it challenging to adopt healthier eating habits in the long term.

8. Marketing and advertising influence: Fast food companies heavily market their products, especially targeting children and young adults, creating a pervasive culture of consumption that promotes unhealthy eating behaviors.

Disagreeing that fast food has bad effects on lifestyle and diet:

1. Convenience and accessibility: Fast food provides a quick and accessible option for individuals with busy lifestyles or limited time for meal preparation, allowing them to satisfy their hunger conveniently.

2. Economic affordability: Fast food often offers inexpensive options, making it accessible to individuals with lower incomes or limited budgets.

3. Employment opportunities: The fast food industry provides employment opportunities for many individuals, including part-time jobs for students or entry-level positions for those entering the workforce.

4. Enjoyment and indulgence: Fast food can be seen as a treat or indulgence, offering a variety of flavors and textures that people enjoy as part of their occasional dietary choices.

5. Socialization and convenience: Fast food restaurants serve as meeting places for friends and family, providing a convenient and casual environment for socializing and gathering.

6. Innovation and diversification: Fast food chains have introduced healthier options, incorporating fresh ingredients, salads, and lighter alternatives on their menus, allowing individuals to make better choices.

7. Dietary responsibility: While fast food can be part of an unhealthy diet, people are responsible for making informed choices and balancing their overall dietary habits with exercise and healthier options.

8. Personal choice and moderation: Ultimately, individuals have the autonomy to decide their dietary preferences and consumption patterns, and moderation is key to maintaining a balanced and healthy lifestyle.